Anxiolytics and Anti-Depressants and Psychiatry Nursing Management
There are various drugs in psychiatry which are given to clients for various disorders among them are the anxiolytics and anti-depressants which are indicated for the particular disorder and have various side effects as well, so there is a significant role of psychiatric nurse with the clients receiving these drugs.
Anxiolytics
These drugs are used to treat anxiety and stress. Some of drugs are given below (Table 1):
Panic disorder and GAD
Alprazolam Benzodiazepine (Anti- anxiety and Hypnotic)
(Generalized anxiety disorder) Hydroxyzine Sedative antihistaminic Anxiety and Insomnia Benzodiazepine (Anti- Anxiety disorder and Lorazepam anxiety and Anti- Insomnia convulsant) Buspirone Azapirone (Serotonin 5- HT1A partial agonist) Anxiety disorder Chlor- diazepoxide Benzodiazepine (Anti- Anxiety disorder and anxiety) Alcohol withdrawal Dosage Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Headache, Sexual problems, Weakness,
4mg Confusion and Liver problems
Drowsiness, Dry mouth, Stuffy nose,
Constipation, Blurred vision, Tachycardia, Dizziness, Dysuria, Skin
600mg rash, Memory difficulty, Confusion, Disorientation, Increased Intra-Ocular
pressure Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Headache, Sexual problems, Weakness,
10mg Confusion and Liver problem
Dizziness, Nausea, Headache, Diarrhea,
Nervousness, Confusion, Numbness or
60mg Tingling
Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Headache, Sexual-problems, Weakness,
100mg Confusion and Liver problems
| Clonazepam | Benzodiazepine (Anti- convulsant) | Panic-disorder and Seizure | Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Headache, Sexual problems, Weakness, Confusion and Liver problems | 4mg |
|---|
Table 1: Drugs used as anxiolytics.
Nursing Management
- Maintain patients safety, the patient receiving these drugs should be kept under monitor for at least 3 hours.
- Continuously check for the vital signs.
- Maintain the adequate hydration for the client.
- The patient may have risk of injury due to the central nervous system effects, so provide safety measures like adequate lighting, raised side rails for the patient.
- Do not mix the drug without drug, in order to avoid drug to drug interaction.
- Check for renal and hepatic functioning.
- Monitor for any drug adverse reaction if any.
Anti-Depressants
These drugs are used to treat depression (Table 2).
| Max. Adul | t | |||||||||||||
| Generic Name | Class | Indication | Side Effects | |||||||||||
| Dosage | ||||||||||||||
| Amitriptyline | Tricyclic anti-depressant | Depression | Dizziness, Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Constipation, Weight gain, Excess sweating, Tachycardia, Sexual dysfunction, Skin sensitivity, Liver problems, Disorientation, Confusion, Numbness in hands and feet, Dysuria and Abnormal heartbeat | 300mg | ||||||||||
| Desipramine | Tricyclic antidepressant | Depression | Dizziness, Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Constipation, Weight gain, Excess sweating, Tachycardia, Sexual dysfunction, Skin Sensitivity, Liver problems, Disorientation, Confusion, Numbness in hands and feet, Dysuria and Abnormal heartbeat | 300mg | ||||||||||
| Trazodone | Serotonin 2 antagonist/ reuptake Inhibitor | Depression | Nausea, Dry mouth, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Fatigue, Constipation, Blurred vision, Irregular heartbeat, Dysuria | 600mg | ||||||||||
| Fluoxetine | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor | Depression, Obsessive compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Bulimia | Nervousness, Nausea, Insomnia, Headache, Diarrhea, Change in appetite, Sweating, Sexual dysfunction, Shakiness, Drowsiness, Skin rash, Seizure, Increased risk of suicidal thinking | 80mg | ||||||||||
| Fluvoxamine | Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor | Obsessive compulsive Disorder | Nervousness, Nausea, Insomnia, Headache, Diarrhea, Change in appetite, Sweating, Sexual dysfunction, Shakiness, Drowsiness, Skin rash, Seizure, Increased risk of suicidal thinking | 300mg | ||||||||||
| Imipramine | Tricyclic antidepressant | Depression | Dizziness, Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Constipation, Weight gain, Excess sweating, Tachycardia, Sexual | 300mg |
Table 2: Drugs used as antidepressants
Nursing Management
- Provide safety measures like raised side rails for the patient receiving anti- depressants.
- Continuously monitor the patient for adverse drug effects like hypotension.
dysfunction, Skin sensitivity, Liver problems, Disorientation, Confusion, Numbness in hands and feet, Dysuria
- Monitor the patients response towards drug whether the drug is being effective or not.
- Provide help to the patient like in voiding, taking meals.
- Continuously monitor for the vital signs.
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