New Rehabilitated Cell Theory

Introduction

Cell theory is one of the universally recognized biological generalizations that affirm the unity of the principle of the structure and development of the world of plants, animals and other living organisms with a cellular structure in which the cell is considered as a single structural element of living organisms. Cell theory is a fundamental theory for biology formulated in the middle of the 19th century, providing a basis for understanding the laws of the living world and for developing evolutionary teachings. Of course, it has an important role for the development of neurobiology.

The cell theory has been repeatedly supplemented and edited. Here, the cell theory will be edited again, but for the benefit of the development of various practical areas (medicine [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], agriculture [6], ecology, psychology [7, 8], sociology [9, 10], the education system) and improving the quality of life of mankind. Below we present our rehabilitated cellular theory in the light of new genetic [11] and viral [12] theories.

The modern cell theory proceeds from the fact that the cellular structure is the most important form of the existence of life inherent in all living organisms except viruses. The improvement of the cellular structure was the main direction of evolutionary development in both plants and animals, and the cellular structure was firmly retained in most modern organisms. According to new viral theories, it can be concluded that viruses are migratory organelles of eukaryotic cells. They are actually part of us - cellular life forms and perform numerous functions. Viruses are not independent life forms and this is evidenced by the original (originally created) cellular theory. Three principles of cell theory are described below: 1) All living organisms consist of one or many cells. 2) A cell is a structural and organizational unit in organisms. 3) Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The first of these principles is contested, since non- cellular objects, such as viruses, are sometimes considered life forms. However, according to our viral theories, cell theory is scientifically completely consistent. It is only necessary to take into account our new position in cellular theory: the smallest unit of living is a cell with the presence of viruses/endoviruses in it.

According to the additional provision of cellular theory, the cells of multicellular organisms are totipotent, that is, they possess the genetic potencies of all the cells of a given organism, are equivalent in genetic information, but differ from each other in different expressions of different genes, which leads to morphological and functional diversity - to differentiation.

Our opinion is fundamentally different from the above additional position of cellular theory. Bearing in mind that there is an acquired genome (except the main one) [11]. Cells in the process of ontogenesis of an organism already become unequal in genetic information and, therefore, differ from each other not only in different expression of different genes, but also in different gene sets of the acquired genome. This is of great importance in the morphological and functional diversity (differentiation) of cells. It is a prerequisite for the appearance of highly specialized cells of multicellular organisms (in humans, for example, in the process of ontogenesis). This feature is not taken into account by many bio-engineers when receiving tissues and organs in vitro for their further use for medical purposes (transplantation of tissues and organs) and therefore cannot get fully functioning and suitable for transplantation to the recipient many types of human tissues and organs. To date, more than one scientist in the world has not been able to obtain the human brain in vitro, and will never succeed if you do not take into account the presence of the acquired cell genome. Because in complexly functioning organs (for example, the brain), it is horizontal gene transfer that plays a key role.

What Benefits Will Rehabilitated Cell Theory Bring To Humanity?

There is no doubt that cell theory remains one of the most important biological generalizations. Therefore, due attention must be paid to this biological scientific foundation. And only after that build your own “scientific building” on it, Genetics, Neurobiology, Physiology, Psychology, Sociology, Ecology and the like. Today, many scientists build their scientific knowledge on the “sand”, because the basis of the cellular theory is scientifically not complete and untenable. Having a solid foundation, we will build many earthquake- resistant scientific buildings increasing the quality of life of billions of people. We will be able to achieve a more complete understanding of the various biological processes taking place at the genetic, cellular (biochemistry) and organismic (physiology) levels of organization, normally and with various pathologies. Therefore, we can talk about the next revolution in biology, which will certainly affect such practical areas as medicine [13], agriculture, bioengineering, ecology, psychology [14], sociology [15], and the like. In addition, scientific philosophy [16] will be completely revised and a new fundamental theoretical biology will be created.