Abstract

Orthodox monasteries in Ukraine have, since their foundation in the 10th century, existed in harmony with the natural environment. The article, using the example of the ascetic Orthodox monastic ensemble of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the village of Manyava, Bohorodchany district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, demonstrates its unique relationship with the natural landscape and identifies the role of monastic life in promoting environmental protection and its biodiversity. The aim of the article is to reveal the architectural and spatial characteristics of the monastery and to highlight the specific features of monastic ecology. The methodology of the study is based on an analysis of the main architectural and natural elements that allow for an understanding of the organisation of the monastic environment and its inseparable link with the surrounding landscape, which has an impact on the formation of ecological values in Ukraine. The article outlines the stages of the monastery’s development – from its foundation in the 13th century, its formation, period of great flourishing, decline and destruction, to the revival of its activity since 1998. The study analysed the architectural-spatial and planning structure of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross Monastery in Manyava, and demonstrated its inseparable connection with the natural landscape. It was found that the development of the monastic complex is based on the principles of deep spirituality, close interaction of the monks with nature, and the rational use of natural resources and ecological materials. The uniqueness of the ensemble lies in the harmonious combination of wooden and stone monastic buildings, enclosed by thick fortified walls with three towers. It has been established that the monastic buildings of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross complex, diverse in architectural composition, artistic design, and construction materials, and organically integrated into the picturesque mountainous landscape, form a coherent architectural ensemble. The spatial organisation of the monastery is imbued with sacred meaning, achieved through its harmonious relationship with the surrounding natural landscape. The research findings demonstrate how the high level of spirituality and ecologically oriented practices of monastic life contribute to the formation of ecological values in Ukrainian society and serve as an example for other social institutions.