Effect of the Islamic Based on Parenting Class Parents Parenting in Padangpanjang

Yulizawati*, Safaringga M and Lisa UF

Midwifery undergraduates Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia

Keywords: Parenting; Parent; Children

Introduction

Parental involvement in children’s education becomes an essential issue because it is a crucial source for children’s success in growth [1]. The results of a necessary medical research report (2013), shows that 37 percent of Indonesian children experiencing developmental delays caused by the low socio-economic level of society, poor Parenting and lack of food intake [2].

According to Rohinah [3], the position of the family as the smallest unit of society has a role and responsibility first and foremost to maintain the growth and development of children. A child will grow and develop optimally when the basic needs of the children’s rights are met. As for the basic needs of children includes physical needs (food, clothing, and shelter) and psychological (support, attention, and affection).

Knowledge and understanding of parents in the upbringing of children affects the growth and development of children and their future. Therefore parents need to be given the skills to educate children in the family, nurturing and guiding children’s knowledge and to become qualified human resources in the future [4].

As parents meet the needs of the child not only outwardly, but also very important to keep up with the needs bathniah. All religions on earth teach goodness in the act, speak, and act. Islam as the majority religion adhered to the Indonesian people has a reference pattern consisting of children’s education parenting principle, the cornerstone of thinking and acting, as well as stages in childcare. The cornerstone of Islamic-based Parenting is a manifestation of the importance of children’s education in Islam gained a large portion.

In addition to knowledge of Islam, it should be common knowledge-knowledge that supports the process of becoming a parent, one of which is the knowledge of health also affect the child psychologically. A parenting program is one tool that can be utilized in improving the quality of a parent in the family. One of them by planting an attitude or behavior such as child-friendly parental education-friendly, hospitable nutrition, parenting friendly and hospitable refuge that their children’s needs well will affect the phases of child development in a structured and regular [4].

Padang city is long known as a mecca porch city, where the majority of the population is Islamic. In every line of life, both in the stage of education or government encouraged citizens to use Muslim clothing / ah. Based on field surveys of a total of five kindergartens in the city of Padang Panjang, 4 of which are Islamic kindergarten, parents tend to incorporate their sons and daughters to kindergarten-based Islamic. However, home care is still not following the pattern of care in schools.

Seeing these conditions, the model of the Islamic-based parenting class is one tool that can be utilized in improving the quality as parents since the child was in the womb. Therefore, it is essential to research “The Effect of Islamic- based model of parenting classes on parenting in pregnant women in Padang Panjang West Sumatra”.

Parenting

Parenting is a term that is growing in popularity concerning Parenting (child-rearing). Parenting is defined as purposive activities Aimed at ensuring the survival and development of children. This definition can be drawn from the sense that Parenting is an activity intended for the survival and development of children. Parenting is deriving from the Latin word “parere,” which means to bring forth, develop or educate (birth, develop or nurture). Said Parenting, following its roots, is defined as the development and education activities compared to who did it (the subject). Said parent, according to tradition, means the biological parent (mother or father). While as a verb, parent/parents in referring to a process, activity, and interaction, which commonly occur in a child’s development. The word “usually” attached here, because in the process of development of the child, not just the elderly who may be involved, but also others such as babysitters, teachers, and so on. It can be summed up briefly; Parenting is a positive activity related to child care.

Religious Parenting

Parenting applied to the Indonesian society is inseparable from the religious charge into the frame of parenting practices. Religious traditions develop conducive lasted for generations and passed down from generation to generation. One of the biggest factors that affect the people of Indonesia is a religious belief and religious practice that became the foundation in a variety of manners. Islam, as the majority religion adhered to the Indonesian people, have a reference pattern of education of children of principles of Parenting, basic thinking and acting, as well as stages in childcare. The cornerstone of Islamic-based Parenting is a manifestation of the importance of children’s education in Islam gained a large portion. It is stated in the arguments of the Qur ‘an and Sunnah.

Islamic-based Parenting has coherence is comprehensive, the following; Uniting the psychological atmosphere that is built with effective parenting practices. The mental atmosphere in question here is a condition that is built on relationships of parents and children, characterized by warmth/affection. Besides, integrated Parenting also accompanies the measures /sound stage in child care to provide clear guidance to educators. Making a religious element enters as context (background), content (the content of Parenting), and conduct (perform in everyday behavior).

Type Parenting

According to Gordon (1991: 115), There are three kinds of systems how parents educate or perform their role as a parent; (1) The authoritarian regime that is parenting in which individuals use the rule of strict regulations and demands that the rules were adhered to. Parents who are as authoritarian and give full freedom an incentive for children to behave aggressively. Parents do not support children to make their own decisions, always telling you what to do child, without explaining why the child should do so. As a result, children lose the opportunity to learn how to control their behavior. There are restrictions imposed on unreasonable parents; such should not play outdoors. This authoritarian Parenting can make them difficult to adjust. Fear of children against punishment makes children dishonest and devious (2). The system that is permissive Parenting gives freedom to the individual without deciding without any control and attention from their parents, or tend to be very passive when responding to non-compliance. Permissive parents are not so demanding, and it is also not set a clear goal for their children, believing that children should develop following their natural tendencies. As a result, children become anxious, fearful and aggressive, and sometimes be grumpy because they think parents give less attention. For some people in the neighborhood, children are freed regarded as a spoiled child (3). System authoritative, namely: the attitude of parents who give guidance but does not regulate. Otoriatif appreciates the upbringing of their children but demanding they meet high standards of responsibility to family, peers, and community. Or so-called Parenting democratic. With authoritative parenting, their child more confident, independent, imaginative, adaptable, and like many of the children with a high degree of emotional intelligence.

Nur Hidayah, et al. (in Shochib, 1995: 90) explains that in Parenting and attitudes of parents who make their democratic dialogical communication between children and parents. Parenting is a way how parents form the personality of children according to the desire of educators, in this case, the family. As acceptance of the prevailing system of Parenting, a child usually will reflect the attitudes and behavior and mindset of educators. If we try to apply to a parent, then we are ready to accept the results of such implementation.

Methods

The method used in this study is a mixed-methods. The design of this research is the sequential explanatory. In this design, the first phase done is to gather and analyze quantitative data is then followed by collecting and analyzing that builds on the initial results of the qualitative. Weights or priority given to quantitative data. The quantitative design approach will wear Quasi Experiment with control group pretest post-test design. In this study, taking the entire population (total population) is numbered 120 people.

The research instrument used was a questionnaire and interview sheet. The main device in this study is an instrument that is standardly used in assessing parenting parents that parenting style Questionnaire (PSQ).

Result

This study provides intervention in the form of an Islamic-based parenting class. This study compares the value before application (pretest) and after treatment (post-test) about parenting parents (Table 1). Research data have been obtained from this study can be seen in the following table:

Table 1: Effect Model-Based Parenting Class Islami against Parenting Parents in Padang Panjang. * Wilcoxon test The calculation result showed that the median value of the post-test has Nili higher at 73.87 compared to the median in the pretest is 58.11, with a range of at post-test 55.86 to 86.94 and pretest range is 43.24 to 70.27. Statistical test results using Wilcoxon test, showed an increase in Parenting towards significantly better than before given the Islamic- based parenting class and awarded after the treatment, with a p value of 0.000.

Discussion

Knowledge and understanding of parents in the upbringing of children affects the growth and development of children and their future. Therefore parents need to be given the skills to educate children in the family, nurturing and guiding children’s knowledge and to become qualified human resources in the future [4].

According to Ganevi [4], a parenting program is one tool that can be utilized in improving the quality of a parent in the family. One of them by planting an attitude or behavior such as child-friendly parental education-friendly, hospitable nutrition, Parenting friendly and hospitable refuge that their children’s needs well will affect the phases of child development that is structured and organized.

Parenting applied to the Indonesian society is inseparable from the religious charge into the frame of parenting practices. Religious traditions develop conducive lasted for generations and passed down from generation to generation. One of the most significant factors that affect the people of Indonesia is a religious belief and religious practice that became the foundation in a variety of manners. Islam, as the majority religion adhered to the Indonesian people have a reference pattern of education of children of principles of Parenting, based thinking and acting, as well as stages in childcare. The cornerstone of Islamic-based Parenting is a manifestation of the importance of children’s education in Islam gained a large portion [5].

A Yani, et al. [6] to apply Islamic Parenting organized by the PTA RA At-Taqwa give a very positive impact to parents in doing Parenting to the son / their son [7]. Among the effects are felt directly by parents RA At-Taqwa in shaping the character of children early age (RA), as illustrated by the results of interviews with parents RA At-Taqwa as follows: 1) Helping children are more disciplined, 2) strengthen Kekeluargan and sharing of experience, and 3) Build a positive habit. Results of interviews with school principals RA At-Taqwa “Results perenting, thank God may gve positive news about the progress of the child’s cognitive and character of the child. Because we emphasize to parents/guardians of students that the example of parents are very influential on the child’s character. With us give a good example, God willing, the child will apply in their daily activities “.

This study provides intervention/treatment to the respondents in the form of a parenting class-based Islamic, there are 4 modules are equipped to parents about parenting parents were good, while the theme of the module are: 1) Know the emotional development and Characteristic child, 2) Educating with language love is based on the Qur’an and Hadith, 3) Blocking dysfunctional progress and 4) Good Perenting in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Islam, as the majority religion adhered to the Indonesian people have a reference pattern of education of children of principles of Parenting, landasar thinking and acting, as well as stages in childcare. The cornerstone of Islamic-based Parenting is a manifestation of the importance of children’s education in Islam gained a large portion.

It is stated in the arguments of the Qur ‘an and Sunnah: “O ye who believe, guard yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is men and stones” QS (66) At Tahrim paragraph 6 “was a man male is a leader in his family and he is responsible for the leadership. A woman can also lead her husband’s house and she is responsible for leadership “(Bukhari & Muslim) parenting based Islamic defined as follows:” a unified whole of attitude and treatment of parents to children in educational, habit, and guiding the child to achieve development optimally based on a religious foundation (whose principles are taken from the Quran and Sunnah) “.

Parenting program based on Islami is a support program aimed at parents or other family members so that increasingly can nurture, care for, protect, and educate their children at home with good Parenting following the teachings of Islam so that children can grow and develop optimally suit ages and stages of development.

Based on the analysis of items, obtained five questions that do not affect Parenting between before and after the Islamic-based parenting class, which numbers 14, 21,22, 27 and 37. The question about the number 14 is “when a child ask why he had to do something, I responsible because I say so, I was an adult, or because it is what I want”. Questions about the number 21 is “I punish my child by not showing emotional expression (eg, kissing, embracing)” [8, 9, 10]. Questions about the number 22 is “Openly criticize me if my child’s behavior does not match what I expected”. Questions about the number 27 is “I found it hard to make children discipline”. Questions about the number 22 is “I permit to hold the gadget to the time period specified”.

Conclusion

Based on these results, we concluded: “there is the influence of the Islamic-based parenting class parenting style in the city of Padang Panjang, with p value of 0.000”.