Beta Fulltext view is in preview — article structure may vary. Browse all articles
Contents
Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Research Article 9 min read

Nano-Lamination - A New Frontier in Manufacturing

Khan NT*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2574-7797  10.23880/oajpr-16000252  Received: September 06, 2021  Published: November 11, 2021
 — views
 46 references
PDF
Keywords
Interface stacking sequences Electrolytic Surface texture Infrastructure
Abstract

Nano-Lamination is a newly emerging technology of nanotechnology. With its vast applications in almost in every discipline of life, it is hoped that this may change the way we live our life. Though it is new introduced compared to other nanotechnologies, still scientists are focusing over it more than any other technology.

Introduction

Nano-lamination is a process through which we produce ultra-fine-grained solids that are fully dense and exhibits a high concentration of interface defects [1]. Nano-laminates properties depend upon their composition and thickness [2].

Fabrication of Nano-laminates

Nano-laminates are fabricated with atom-by-atom decomposition technology [3]. They are designed with variable stacking sequences and layer thicknesses [4]. There are mainly two ways of fabricating a Nano-laminate; 1. Atomic Layer decomposition 2. Electrolytic reduction [5, 6]

Atomic Layer Decomposition

By atomic layer decomposition (ALD) technique such oxides can be produced that are thin in nature and are called hybrid thin film oxides [7]. ALD employs unique physical, chemical and electronic characteristics in fabrication process [8]. An example of one such nano-lamination is coating of rough oxide layer with smooth oxide layer to improve the surface texture according to the application [9].

Electrolytic Reduction

Electrolytic reduction process is used for the production of metals and metal alloys [10]. The thickness of these layers is in sub-μm and these methods can also be used to fabricate alloys with different properties like toughness, strength, corrosion and thermal properties that help interfaces to perform it functional role in nano-layers [11, 12]. Nano- laminates can also be produced by using a bath technique, that bath contain numerous metal ions [13]. This method works by changing the current at a precise rate and selects different elements and, creates a layered structure [14]. With the help of this method, coating of up to a centimeter thickness can be performed [15]. One such example is nano- coated steel, which is 10 times stronger than ordinary steel [16]. It benefits in multiple ways like creating high-cost material at much lower price by coating lower-cost materials [17]. A company name Modumatel started the commercial production in 2010 [18].

Performance of Nano-lamination

The performance and efficacy of nano-laminations were tested in autoclave, where some Nano-laminated alloys displayed 8 times more resistance of carbon steel to degradation, where as in some cases no measurable degradation was reported [19, 20].

Applications of Nano-lamination

Nano-lamination applications include enhanced mechanical properties, energy storage and memory storage capacitors etc [21].

• Building a better infrastructure for Oil and Gas industries A wide application of Nano-lamination is in Oil and Gas industry. As infrastructure of these industries needs corrosion-resistant, structure tubulars and high casing capacity [22, 23]. Both tubulars and casings operate in extreme conditions like high pressure, temperature and in highly corrosive environments and also contain hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2) and chlorides [24]. Modumetal Company produces pumps, tubulars and valves that offer high corrosion-resistance and offer high-protection through a durable, high-strength Nano-laminated cladding of metal alloy [25]. Though, tubulars don’t go-through the same reciprocating operations as pumps, still they frequently worn by placement and removal of downhole pumps, and monitoring tools, causing additional degradation resulting from both downhole corrosion and wear [26, 27].

• Electronic Another application of Nano-lamination is in the field of electronic. Through Nano-lamination technology, Nano- laminate dielectrics are fabricated with high efficiency of dielectric constant and high-insulation characteristics can achieve [28]. The generation of such dielectric material are under progress which possess giant dielectric constant characteristics like binary, modified single and perovskite oxides [29]. Electroplating is another application of Nano- Lamination [30].

• Future Factory Nanotechnology has its applications almost in every discipline in different form like nano-cosmetics, nano- robotics, and nano-medicines but, the nano-lamination factory especially challenges the use of nanotechnology in food preservation and packaging industries [31]. Typically, the fruits and vegetable are coated with an artificial wax and then undergo plastic packaging for preservation and protection [32]. Currently this method is in developing face and, food scientist aims that in future synthetic edible nano- cellulose may be employed in coating [33].

  • Hair Treatment Nanotechnology has it application in our daily life in every regard, and it also change the way hair salon used to treat hair [34]. Future technology intends to provide one solution to all hair problems. It is progressing rapidly and proved to be a possible hair treatment, research says that it can provide a healthy treatment with shiny hair, and freeze free hair solution [35, 36]. Nano-lamination technology strengthens hair by covering it with a specialized shiny foil-like lacquer and individual get benefit of thoroughly permeated [37]. Another technology is nano-mousse treatment which is a type of hair Botox treatment that give hair a smooth and silky texture, and restores damaged hair [38]. Many variations exist to this method, like bio-sleek Brazilian keratin is an advance process; it gives strength to hair and restore damage [39]. It provides strength to hair by infusing keratin into hair cuticles, and provides straightest, smoothest and softest hair [40]. Many other advantages are listed below:
  • It prevents discoloration and protects damage against washout [41].
  • Nano-lamination maintain hair moisture and control fizziness [42].
  • It has been observed that, it adds volume and increase thickness of hair by 10% [43].
  • It provides elasticity [44].
  • It aligns the surface of hair by reducing hair roughness [45].
  • It provides hair essential proteins like keratin, and help to protect it from damage and make them more flexible [46].

Conclusion

Nano-lamination is proved to be more sufficient in every possible way compared to other material and it is hope to be a new emerging technology.

References

  1. Ali MA, Rehman I, Iqbal A, Din S, Rao AQ, et al. (2014) Nanotechnology: A new frontier in Agriculture. Adv life sci 1(3): 129-138.
  2. Wang J, Zhou Q, Shao S, Misra A (2017) Strength and plasticity of nanolaminated materials. Materials Research Letters 5(1): 1-19.
  3. Nasim M, Li Y, Wen M, Wen C (2020) A review of high-strength nanolaminates and evaluation of their properties. Journal of Materials Science & Technology 50: 215-244.
  4. Azadmanjiri J, Berndt CC, Wang J, Kapoor A, Srivastava VK (2016) Nanolaminated composite materials: structure, interface role and applications. RSC advances 6(111): 109361-109385.
  5. Cao YQ, Wang SS, Liu C, Wu D, Li AD (2019) Atomic layer deposition of ZnO/TiO 2 nanolaminates as ultra-long life anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Scientific reports 9(1): 1-9.
  6. Wang CC, Lin JW, Yu YH, Lai KH, Lee SM, et al. (2020) Nanolaminated ZnO–TiO2 coated lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes by atomic layer deposition for enhanced electrochemical performances. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 842: 155845.
  7. Mao S, Liu J, Pan Y, Lee J, Yao Z, et al. (2019) Morphological and optical evolution of metallic oxide/Au nanoparticle hybrid thin film: High absorption and reflectance by plasmonic enhancement. Applied Surface Science 495: 143575.
  8. Martínez-Castelo JR, López J, Domínguez D, Murillo E, Machorro R, et al. (2017) Structural and electrical characterization of multilayer Al2O3/ZnO nanolaminates grown by atomic layer deposition. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 71: 290-295.
  9. Mitchell DRG, Triani G, Attard DJ, Finnie KS, Evans PJ, et al. (2005) Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 and Al2O3 thin films and nanolaminates. Smart materials and structures 15(1): S57.
  10. Popp FD, Schultz HP (1962) Electrolytic Reduction of Organic Compounds. Chemical Reviews 62(1): 19-40.
  11. Campbell WE, Thomas UB (1939) Tarnish studies: The electrolytic reduction method for the analysis of films on metal surfaces. Transactions of the Electrochemical Society 76(1): 303.
  12. Kim SW, Choi EY, Park W, Im HS, Hur JM (2015) A conductive oxide as an O2 evolution anode for the electrolytic reduction of metal oxides. Electrochemistry Communications 55: 14-17.
  13. Zhou G, Xie G, Bao X (2010) Mechanical behavior of advanced nano-laminates embedded with carbon nanotubes–a review. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 1(2): 136-171.
  14. Njuguna J, Pielichowski K, Desai S (2008) Nanofiller‐ reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 19(8): 947-959.
  15. Almuhammadi K (2012) Nano-Reinforcement of Interfaces in Prepreg-Based Composites Using a Carbon Nanotubes Spraying Method.
  16. Sobel N, Hess C (2015) Nano-laminating of SiO2 and TiO2: Atomic layer deposition as a tool to gain new insight into interfaces. MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 1805.
  17. Stjärnesund J, Wilhelms E, Dehchar F, Jordberg R, Kjellberg M, et al. (2015) Electrochemical deposition of multi-and single layer coatings: A study of hardness, wear and corrosion resistance for different electrodeposited.
  18. Paz O, Lomasney C, Chaloner-Gill B, Lomasney S, Yamali N, et al. (2016) Nano-Laminated Alloys for Improved Return on Oilfield Assets. In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. One Petro.
  19. Lewis R, SlaughterJ, Lee YC (2015) Improved Flexibility of Alumina Ultrathin Barrier Films by Nano-Lamination. In International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition 56895.
  20. Wang Q, Xie PC, Yang WM, Ding YM (2012) A new preparation method of barrier material based on micro-nano lamination technology. In Key Engineering Materials 501: 104-107.
  21. Park T, Lee Y, Cha SW, Chang I (2019) Effect of nano- pinholes within ceramic electrolytes of thin-film solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 75: 108-114.
  22. Aizawa T, Iwamura E, Itoh K (2008) Nano-lamination in amorphous carbon for tailored coating in micro-dry stamping of AISI-304 stainless steel sheets. Surface and Coatings Technology 203(5-7): 794-798.
  23. Wang C, Guo B, Shan D (2014) Friction related size-effect in microforming–a review. Manufacturing Review 1: 18.
  24. Ammar AS (2018) Nanotecnologias asociadas a recursos florales en el sector agroalimentario. Acta Agronomica 67(1): 146-160.
  25. Üstünyagiz E (2018) An Off-line Methodology to Determine Limits of Lubrication in Sheet Metal Forming. Technical University of Denmark, pp: 215.
  26. Chang Y, Wang YG, Lü XQ (2009) Synthesis of tributyl citrate catalyzed by SO_4~(2-)/Al-PGS solid acid [J]. Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science) 3.
  27. Khan Z, Khan SH, Ghouri MZ, Shahzadi H, Arshad SF, et al. (2019) Nanotechnology: An Elixir to Life Sciences. Preprints.
  28. Dai K, An Y, Li C, Cheng X, Yang W, et al. (2017) Dielectric and Electrical Properties of CNTs/HIPS Composite Based on Micro-Nano Lamination Extrusion Technology. Plastics.
  29. Li WM (2013) Recent developments of atomic layer deposition processes for metallization. Chemical Vapor Deposition 19(4‐6): 82-103.
  30. Yitao G, Hongbo L, Haihua M, Yuanxin T (2015) Research Progress of Dielectric Materials for Energy Storage. Insulating Materials 11.
  31. Yin HY, Tsai WC (2015) Advances of nanomaterials for food processing. Handbook of Food Chem., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp: 1137-1159.
  32. Almasi H, Jahanbakhsh Oskouie M, Saleh A (2021) A review on techniques utilized for design of controlled release food active packaging. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 61(15): 2601-2621.
  33. Sulaiman MH, Raof NA, Dahnel AN (2021) The investigation of PVD coating, cryogenic lubrication and ultrasonic vibration on tool wear and surface integrity in manufacturing processes. Jurnal Tribologi 28: 105-116.
  34. Rosen J, Landriscina A, Friedman AJ (2015) Nanotechnology-based cosmetics for hair care. Cosmetics 2(3): 211-224.
  35. Lohani A, Verma A, Joshi H, Yadav N, Karki N (2014) Nanotechnology-based cosmeceuticals. International Scholarly Research Notices.
  36. Mihranyan A, Ferraz N, Strømme M (2012) Current status and future prospects of nanotechnology in cosmetics. Progress in materials science 57(5): 875-910.
  37. Webb M (2000) Lacquer: technology and conservation. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  38. Pei LJ, Cai ZS, Shang SB, Song ZQ (2012) Advances in natural polymer surfactants. Science & Technology in Chemical Industry.
  39. Weathersby C, McMichael A (2013) Brazilian keratin hair treatment: a review. Journal of cosmetic dermatology 12(2): 144-148.
  40. Maneli MH, Smith P, Khumalo NP (2014) Elevated formaldehyde concentration in “Brazilian keratin type” hair-straightening products: A cross-sectional study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 70(2): 276-280.
  41. Ahmad U, Ahmad Z, Khan AA, Akhtar J, Singh S P, et al. (2018) Strategies in development and delivery of nanotechnology based cosmetic products. Drug research 68(10): 545-552.
  42. Kushwaha N, Minocha N, Kumar N (2020) Use of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals: A Review. Int J Pharm Sci Invent 9(1): 43-51.
  43. Sharma N, Singh S, Kanojia N, Grewal AS, Arora S (2018) Nanotechnology: a modern contraption in cosmetics and dermatology. Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs 5(3): 147-158.
  44. Yukuyama MN, De Araújo GLB, Bou-Chacra NA (2020) Nanomaterials for hair care applications. Nanocosmetics, pp: 205-225.
  45. Abbasi BH, Fazal H, Ahmad N, Ali M, Giglioli-Guivarch N, et al. (2020) Nanomaterials for cosmeceuticals: nanomaterials-induced advancement in cosmetics, challenges, and opportunities. Nanocosmetics pp: 79- 108.
  46. Yadwade R Gharpure S Ankamwar B (2021) Nanotechnology in cosmetics pros and cons. Nano Express 2(2): 022003.
More from this journal

Cite this article

BibTeX
APA
RIS
@article{khan2021,
  title   = {Nano-Lamination - A New Frontier in Manufacturing},
  author  = {Khan NT},
  journal = {Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research},
  year    = {2021},
  volume  = {5},
  number  = {4},
  doi     = {10.23880/oajpr-16000252}
}
Khan NT (2021). Nano-Lamination - A New Frontier in Manufacturing. Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.23880/oajpr-16000252
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nano-Lamination - A New Frontier in Manufacturing
AU  - Khan NT
JO  - Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
PY  - 2021
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
DO  - 10.23880/oajpr-16000252
ER  -