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Progressive kidney injury is frequently recognized only after measurable deterioration in glomerular filtration or urine output has occurred. Serum creatinine and urine output rema…

Ayurvedic medicine represents one of the world’s longstanding systems of traditional healthcare and relies extensively on botanicals, mineral preparations, and compound formulation…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing modern healthcare by enabling the analysis of large and complex clinical datasets. Nephrology is particularly suitable for…

Herbal medicines are often investigated as though the identity of a medicinal plant alone determines its therapeutic properties. However, the biological characteristics of a herbal…

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed solid malignancy in men globally. For decades, routine serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening generated a massive epi…

Background: Recurrent urinary symptoms such as dysuria, urgency, frequency, nocturia, and bladder discomfort can fluctuate considerably between clinical visits. Conventional assess…

Ayurvedic medicine has traditionally employed combinations of multiple herbs rather than relying exclusively on single botanical agents. These polyherbal formulations are designed …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous and progressive condition characterized by substantial variation in its causes, rates of progression, treatment responses, and long-…

Climate change is increasingly influencing human health through heat exposure, changing infectious-disease patterns, food insecurity, environmental degradation, and disruption of h…

The contemporary drug development landscape is increasingly shaped by the ability to generate, integrate, and interpret large volumes of biological and clinical information. Medi…

Drug discovery is increasingly moving beyond a molecule-centered model toward approaches that place human biology, patient needs, and meaningful clinical outcomes at the center o…

The effectiveness of a medicine in routine healthcare can differ from the efficacy demonstrated under the controlled conditions of clinical trials. This treatment-to-outcome gap …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is emerging as an innovative pharmaceutical manufacturing technology capable of producing dosage forms with customized geometry, composition, dose…

Global agriculture is under increasing pressure to produce higher-quality food while facing climate change, declining soil fertility, and limited natural resources. Agricultural …

The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural production has accelerated the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies that improve crop productivity while maintaini…

The Accelerated Approval pathway, established in 1992 under 21 CFR 314 Subpart H, was created to expedite patient access to promising therapeutics for serious or life-threatening…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the role of surgical robotics from mechanically precise instruments toward increasingly intelligent systems capable of recognizing anatom…

Regenerative agriculture has emerged as an innovative approach to sustainable food production by focusing on restoring soil health, enhancing biodiversity, improving ecosystem fu…

Clinical trials remain the foundation for evaluating the efficacy and safety of medicines, but their controlled conditions cannot fully represent the complexity of routine health…

Quality by Design (QbD) has become an important scientific framework in pharmaceutical development because it emphasizes systematic understanding of products and manufacturing pr…

The value of a medicine is often defined primarily through evidence of efficacy and safety generated during clinical development. perform in everyday healthcare. However, the ex…

The increasing demand for food, coupled with climate change, labor shortages, and diminishing natural resources, has accelerated the adoption of advanced technologies in agricult…

Cancer chemotherapy has remained one of the most important therapeutic approaches in oncology for more than half a century and has significantly contributed to improved survival ou…

Agriculture is undergoing a technological transformation driven by the need to enhance crop productivity, strengthen resilience against climate change, and ensure global food sec…

Tumour biology has entered a transformative era driven by advances in artificial intelligence (AI), multi-omics technologies, and systems biology. Traditional approaches have subst…

Radio astronomy has continuously expanded humanity’s understanding of the Universe by revealing phenomena hidden from optical observations. However, the rapidly increasing pr…

Brain health has emerged as a fundamental component of overall health and well-being, extending beyond the traditional focus on diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. As t…

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Due to its asymptomatic progression in early stages, timely …

Neurological disorders are among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, yet clinical neurology continues to focus predominantly on diagnosing and treating diseas…

Neurological disorders represent a major global health challenge owing to their increasing prevalence, clinical heterogeneity, and limited disease-modifying therapies. Traditional …