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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous and progressive condition characterized by substantial variation in its causes, rates of progression, treatment responses, and long-…

Background: Recurrent urinary symptoms such as dysuria, urgency, frequency, nocturia, and bladder discomfort can fluctuate considerably between clinical visits. Conventional assess…

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) has fundamentally transformed modern urological oncology over the past two decades. In high-income healthcare systems, robotic platform…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires continuous monitoring because disease progression, blood pressure fluctuations, medication-related problems, and symptom changes may occur bet…

The growing interest in Ayurvedic medicine has increased the need for clinical evidence that is transparent, reproducible, and meaningful to patients and healthcare professionals. …

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing modern healthcare by enabling the analysis of large and complex clinical datasets. Nephrology is particularly suitable for…

Climate change is increasingly influencing human health through heat exposure, changing infectious-disease patterns, food insecurity, environmental degradation, and disruption of h…

The growing international use of Ayurvedic medicines has increased the need for reliable information about the origin, processing, quality, and movement of herbal materials through…

Healthy ageing has emerged as an important scientific and public-health priority as life expectancy increases worldwide. Contemporary geroscience investigates biological processes …

The modernization of Ayurvedic medicine increasingly depends on the generation of scientific evidence concerning its formulations, procedures, and therapeutic claims. Evidence, how…

Ayurvedic medicine represents one of the world’s longstanding systems of traditional healthcare and relies extensively on botanicals, mineral preparations, and compound formulation…

Ayurvedic medicine has traditionally employed combinations of multiple herbs rather than relying exclusively on single botanical agents. These polyherbal formulations are designed …

Herbal medicines are often investigated as though the identity of a medicinal plant alone determines its therapeutic properties. However, the biological characteristics of a herbal…

Global agriculture is under increasing pressure to produce higher-quality food while facing climate change, declining soil fertility, and limited natural resources. Agricultural …

The increasing demand for food, coupled with climate change, labor shortages, and diminishing natural resources, has accelerated the adoption of advanced technologies in agricult…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the role of surgical robotics from mechanically precise instruments toward increasingly intelligent systems capable of recognizing anatom…

The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly expected to improve environmental sustainability while maintaining stringent standards of product quality and manufacturing reliabilit…

The contemporary drug development landscape is increasingly shaped by the ability to generate, integrate, and interpret large volumes of biological and clinical information. Medi…

Continuous manufacturing is increasingly being recognized as an important direction for the modernization of pharmaceutical production. Unlike conventional batch manufacturing, c…

The pharmaceutical industry is entering a period of significant technological transformation. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, advanced analytics, and automation a…

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is emerging as an innovative pharmaceutical manufacturing technology capable of producing dosage forms with customized geometry, composition, dose…

The value of a medicine is often defined primarily through evidence of efficacy and safety generated during clinical development. perform in everyday healthcare. However, the ex…

Quality by Design (QbD) has become an important scientific framework in pharmaceutical development because it emphasizes systematic understanding of products and manufacturing pr…

Contemporary drug development increasingly requires a broader assessment of therapeutic value than efficacy alone. Although demonstrating clinical efficacy remains fundamental, m…

Clinical trials remain the foundation for evaluating the efficacy and safety of medicines, but their controlled conditions cannot fully represent the complexity of routine health…