Immediate Effect of Continuous Running on Red Blood Cells (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Among Physically Trained Boys

Introduction

Red blood cells (RBC; erythrocytes) perform numerous important functions, especially during physical workout. RBC plays an important role by carrying oxygen (O2) from the lungs to the contracting muscle mass. Furthermore, the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the dilation of blood vessels and complements blood drift through working muscular tissues. Hemoglobin (Hb) contributes to buffering pH changes in blood by way of mixed delivery of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen ions (H+) in form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3 −). All of this depends on adequate RBC count [1].

It’s far typically regarded that both acute and chronic physical games result in numerous hematological changes in people. It also has been ascertained that exercise- precipitated hematological modifications are dependent on the type, intensity and period of exercise. Moreover, several factors which include training popularity, gender, age, environmental conditions and dietary popularity of the subjects also play a crucial function [2]. It’s been reported that acute workout has a full-size effect at the rheological properties of the blood, and after acute exercise there may be an incensement in plasma viscosity and erythrocyte stress however a lower in sedimentation rate [3].

Very short and excessive instance exercise, lasting from some seconds to a few minutes, will increase the hematocrit (Hct) and Hb concentration by approximately 6–8% [4]. Workout carried on a treadmill or bicycle ergometer, lasting longer than ten minutes, can able to increase in Hb concentration, RBC count, and Hct by means of 4 to10% [4, 5, 6]. In the bloodstream of an active healthy person, the values of those above hematological parameters are extensively better after severe exercise than at relaxation [7, 8]. This is due to the result of dehydration, excessive blood viscosity, and fluid displacement within intracellular and extracellular areas. During post exercise recovery, erythrocyte status indices return to baseline levels, and sometimes drop under resting values [4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

The magnitude of the exercise related changes in hematological parameters depends on environmental outside conditions (temperature, humidity), the depth and period of workout, and the extent of bodily fitness of the client. Lower Hct became found in athletes than in healthy untrained people [9]. High Hct facilitate the increment of blood viscosity, which may additionally put more stress at the heart and, therefore, increase the danger of cardiac overload [1]. Athletes commonly have a higher plasma volume (PV) than sedentary human beings [10], and this is the primary cause of their decrease Hct values. Oxygen delivery to exercising muscles in especially trained individuals depends on speedy diastolic filling of the heart, which is feasible with a sufficiently larger blood volume [11]. A high overall mass of RBC and Hb in trained people, with a sufficiently large blood volume (BV), increases the O2 shipping ability [12].

With this view in mind the researcher conducted the present study to investigate the acute effect of resistance exercise on Red Blood Cell (RBC), Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of physically trained boys.

Result

The findings of the study indicate that Red Blood Cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of physically trained boys were significantly increase immediate after 35 minutes of continuous running but in case of Red Blood Cell distribution width (RDW) shown statistically insignificant change. Though pre-exercise and post-exercise both values of those hematological parameters are in between the normal pathological range. Tables 1-3 indicates the comparison of RBC Level, PCV and RDW before and after the continuous running programme.

Interpretation of Table- 1 Significant change in RBC was evident in pre and post continuous running (t=8.953, p<0.01)

Discussion

It is found that the mean RBC and PCV of the students was increased significantly whereas no significant changes found in red blood cell distribution width (RDW) after exercise (Figures 2-4) respectively.

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At the start of exercise, a moderate growth (1–2%) in Hct and Hb may be triggered by way of the ejection of blood from the capillaries of formerly inactive muscular tissues. Moreover Laub, et al. [5], referred to that erythrocytes launched from contracting spleenal through intense workout will also be chargeable for an increase in hematocrit which is same as our study (figure 3), but taking into the attention the noticeably small size of the human spleen this upward push is lower than 2% [13]. In the course of exercising, there is a decrease in plasma volume with the aid of10–20%, which reasons hemo-concentration [14]. This sort of great reduction in plasma volume for the duration of quick-term exercise cannot be the end result of excessive sweating. Rather, there is a phenomenon of water moving from the vessels to the extra vascular space. Increases in hydrostatic strain in capillaries, within the filtration floor (result of blood redistribution to vascular regions previously poorly perfuse), within the stroke volume and in osmotic stress within the muscle tissues (result of somatically active metabolites of operating muscles) are the primary reasons for the displacement of fluid from intra- to extra-vascular area [15]. Though in the present study there was no scope of measuring the degree of hydration and sweating at any stage of exercise.

It’s been generally shown that blood parameter values again to resting tiers 30 min after the single Wingate check or acute sub maximal exercising test [16]. Kordie, MR, et al. [17]. Contemporary studies [18, 19] showed multiplied blood and plasma viscosity in reaction to different exercise protocols. On this study, red cell counts appreciably elevated immediately after workout (figure 2). In a take a look at of Halson, et al. [20], 4 weeks of intensive exercise significantly reduced red blood cell counts (10%). In comparison, inexperienced [21] did not find any sizeable difference after a 4-week exercise software in the red blood cell counts of the sedentary people. In a current look at, [22] suggested a good amount of growth in the mean cell volume at once after fairly long-distance half marathon running which also support our study (Figure 3). Strenuous exercise is thought to reason structural harm inside the erythrocyte, resulting in hemolysis. Growing the quantity of erythrocytes deformed by way of exercise can be meditated as an increase of mean cell quantity inside the blood circulation [23].

So, the growth in RBC count and PCV values throughout physical workout in participates can be partially defined by using fluid shifts between vessels and extra-vascular space. These outcomes are in line with in advance studies indicating a decrease in plasma volume of about 10% after heavy workout [18]. Changes in plasma volume all through workout are induced, among others, by means of the increase in hydrostatic stress in capillaries, and an increase in osmotic stress within the muscle groups. It is a result of accumulation of somatically lively metabolites in running muscular tissues, mainly lactate [15].

Exercising can increase the HBG and red blood cell mass, which will increase oxygen wearing ability in order that with dependent exercising the hemoglobin level within the blood which functions to bind oxygen within the blood and loosen up it for the duration of the frame can even growth. For the duration of workout, the body wishes more oxygen than ordinary every day work. All the demand for oxygen is obtained from the blood stream inside the muscular tissues. This is according which explains that, at some stage in exercising the extended demand for oxygen is met with the aid of active muscle blood flow.

Conclusions

From the results of the study, it can be concluded that (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) displayed significant incensement in relation to acute continuous running. Though there is some controversy with the other studies, researcher thought that experiment with a greater number of subjects and with various intensity of exercise may throw more light on this problem [24, 25].