ISSN: 2577-4050
Authors: Raj TS, Deivasigamani B* and Suji HA
Micro-organisms are able to survive in high salt concentrations because they have developed diverse biochemical, structural and physiological modifications, allowing the catalytic synthesis of proteins with interesting physicochemical and structural properties. When opposed to chemical catalysts, enzymes are protein-based catalysts that offer significant advantages. Enzymes are viewed as a greener alternative to conventional chemical catalysis in industrial processes since they are biodegradable, reusable, and do not produce excessive waste products. Enzymes are useful biological instruments for bioremediation that are both environmentally acceptable and bio based. An essential class of enzymes called hydrolases encourages the depolymerisation of macromolecules, which is crucial for the metabolism of nutrients. They have properties that make them desirable for biotechnological applications, in particular for environment protection, where hydrolaseproducing organisms can be used in the removal of contaminants through a process known as bioremediation. They are highly effective catalysts, frequently secreted into the surrounding medium, and the majority do not require cofactors. Hydrolases present an opportunity to investigate the conformational variation that underlies the wide range of biological functions that these enzymes perform because they are the most numerous and diverse class of enzymes. The best choice for eliminating pollutants from the environment may be microbial hydrolases. All facets of life contain these enzymes, which are crucial for key biological activities like the breakdown of cellulosic biomass, viral pathogenesis, antibacterial defence, and typical cellular functioning. The fact that certain lysosomal storage illnesses have been linked to deficits in these enzymes, as well as the potential industrial uses of highly effective glycoside hydrolases. The isolation of active enzymes against particular pollutants comes from microorganisms that have been exposed to contaminated locations and those contaminants specifically. For the bioremediation of contaminants, several enzymes extracted from various species have been utilised. A viable approach to finding more effective and affordable instruments for the clean-up of contaminants would be to identify novel enzymes and new subtypes with specified physicochemical properties.
Keywords: Enzymes; Hydrolases; Catalyst; Microbes; Applications
