ISSN: 2574-2701
Authors: Shreejana KC*, Poudel A, Oli D and Pokhrel S
Germination and dormancy are pivotal transitions in the seed life cycle, profoundly influenced by endogenous hormones. This review delves into the roles of major phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), ethylene, Cytokinins, auxins, Jasmonates, and brassinosteroids (BRs) which elucidate their specific functions in promoting germination or maintaining dormancy, emphasizing the underlying molecular mechanisms. The study underscores the genetic underpinning of hormonal action, spotlighting key regulatory genes and their associated pathways. The intricate crosstalk between these hormones is explored, highlighting their collective impact on seed behaviours. Emerging perspectives encompass the role of hormones in priming treatments, stress responses, and seed longevity. Recent advances in genomic and epigenomic studies provide insights into complex feedback loops and the integration of environmental signals. Leveraging technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 has deepened our understanding of genetic influences on hormonal pathways. Overall, this comprehensive review illuminates the interplay between endogenous hormones and seed processes, offering potential strategies for improving germination efficiency and manipulating dormancy.
Keywords: Germination; Dormancy; Endogenous hormones; Gene Action; Signalling pathways
