ISSN: 2577-4328
Authors: Pizarro *, Ávila J and Cortés P
The environmental impact of metallic pollutants due to the overload of essential metals and the enrichment of heavy metals on the biological species and human beings, it is determined by the genetic patrimony and environmental factors. Feeding, quality of water consumption, quality of the air, habits and geological ambient. Due their volcanic soil origin and its mining growing activity, the ecosystem of the region of Antofagasta in Chile has seen increased their industrial ecology complexity at cost of its natural ecosystems. In this work it is assumed that the human placenta and their related tissues such as amniotic membranes and umbilical cord, can be “good bio – markers tissues” to the metal exposure. Li, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, As and Se residuals concentrations were determined in amniotic membranes, placentas and umbilical cords of newly normal born and newly born with congenital anomalies of mothers from region of Antofagasta in Chile. Significant enrichments in Li, Cr, Ni, Hg and Pb they were found in placentas and umbilical cords of the group of malformed newly born (MB), regarding the same tissues of the normal newly born group (NB). The values of the metal concentration quotients among the tissues, metal in cord / metal in placenta can be considered as an index of the transfer of heavy metals toward the foetus. The application of clustering techniques to the association among the metal concentration results regarding the demographic variables, allowed to infer that in general, the distribution of the metals in the studied tissues seem to be quite independent of the demographic variables considered, that which implies that more traverse factors that those discriminated against with these variables would be more important for the risk of developmental disorder due the metals and metalloids exposure in the region of Antofagasta.
Keywords: Multi-Metal Exposure Heavy Metal; Placenta; Umbilical Cord; Normal Born; Malformed Born; Atomic Absorption And Emission Techniques; Multivariate Statistic Methods
