Pulmonary Embolism Revealing Acutisation of Vaquez Disease: A Case Report at the Haematology Department of the National Blood Transfusion Center in Bangui (Central African Republic)

Authors: Saint-Cyr Sylvestre PDV*, Youssouf O, John O and Serge Magloire CP

DOI: 10.23880/hij-16000219

Volume 7, Issue 2

Abstract

Introduction: Primary polycythemia belongs to the group of myeloproliferatifs disorders whose natural course is marked by thrombohemorrhagic events in the short term and transformation into acute leukemia in the long term. Primary polycythemia is rarely seen in our department. It usually precedes a myelodysplastic phase. Arterial thrombosis as a revealing mode is exceptional. Case report: We report the case of a 78-year-old woman diagnosed with polycythemia vera in 2018, with signs of hyperviscosity in the setting of arterial hypertension treated with hydryuree. The appearance of unexplained dyspnea in 2023 led to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The follow-up blood count unexpectedly revealed a bicytopenia consisting of severe anemia at 5g/dl and thrombocytopenia at 88,000/mm3. The myelogram was consistent with AML. The evolution was rapidly fatal in our context. The interest of this work lies in the rarity of this AML secondary to polycythemia vera, but also in its exceptional mode of manifestation, making management ambiguous due to treatment of a pulmonary embolism in a context of thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: This is the first case of its kind to be described in our department.

Keywords: Acute Leukemia; Acuitization; Vacquez Disease

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