Suspected Cefazolin Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia An Unusual Reaction to a Common Antibiotic

Authors: McCormack S*,Hamad E, Tarakji D and Hamad A

DOI: 10.23880/hij-16000226

Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract

Cefazolin is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is generally well tolerated, with minimal side effects. However, hemolytic anemia is an extremely rare but potentially lifethreatening complication of cefazolin therapy. We report a case of a 83 year old male patient who developed severe hemolytic anemia during cefazolin therapy for urinary tract infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory findings and the resolution of hemolysis after discontinuation of cefazolin. The direct antiglobulin test was negative, suggesting a non immune mechanism of hemolysis. The pathophysiology of cefazolin induced hemolytic anemia is not fully understood, but it may involve hapten formation, cross reactivity with penicillins, or drug metabolites. Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse reaction and consider it in patients who develop unexplained anemia during or after cefazolin therapy.

Keywords: Cefazolin, Cephalosporin, Anemia, Hemolytic Anemia, Drug Induced Hemolytic Anemia, Hematology, Coombs Negative

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