ISSN: 2642-6315
Authors: Ottoro Z*
Bacterial isolates from clinical sources have increased resistance to antimicrobial agents available and routinely used in developing countries like Ethiopia. One of the control measures of antimicrobial resistance is to know the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria from clinical specimens and treat patients accordingly. Therefore the objective of the present study is to isolate bacterial pathogens from different clinical specimens and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Clinical samples (urine, blood, pus and discharges from different body sites were cultured and isolation of bacterial pathogens were done following standard bacteriological methods using media recommended by Cheesbrough. Identification of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using Micro Scan Identification Panel method. The Panels were read by Micro Scan Auto Scan 4 reader after incubating for 18 to 24 hours at 35oc aerobically. The retrospective data of microbiological culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analysed. A total of 995 clinical specimens were cultured at Bethzatha Bacteriology Lab., Bethzatha Hospital, from May 2021 to February 2022. The most frequent specimens were, urine 87 (32%), blood 77(28%), pus and discharges from different body sites 65(24%). Out of these, 273(27%) yielded different bacterial pathogens. The most dominant gram negative bacterial isolates from urine samples 43/87(49%), 6/87(7%), 7/87(8%) were E. coli, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella spp, respectively in that order. Klebsiella pneumoniae 12/77 (16%) were most frequently isolated from blood culture followed by diverse coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 26/77 (33.7%) and S. aureus 15/77(19.5%). The most frequent 20/65(31%) isolates from pus and discharges were S. aureus followed by 12/65(18.5%) CoNS. In the present study, most bacterial isolates from different clinical samples were multiply resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim sulphametoaxzole, levofloxacillin and ampicillin-sulbactam. On the other hand the most frequent Gram negative bacteria, E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were most susceptible to amikacin and ertapenem, and the gram positive isolates, S. aureus were most susceptible to levofloxacillin and gentamicin; whereas coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were most susceptible to gentamicin, tecioplanin, rifampicin, vancomycin, daptomycin. Therefore clinicians should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility test. In the absence of antimicrobial susceptibility test we suggest that the above mentioned drugs to be most appropriate for empirical treatment in the study hospitals and health settings in Addis Ababa. Furthermore critical measures need to be taken to curb the increasing spread of AMR bacteria.
Keywords: KASA; Quality Assessment; Pharmaceutical Quality; Knowledge-Aided Assessment; OPQ
