Epidemiology, Phylogeny and Drug Resistance against Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus in Pakistan

Authors: Mamoona Arshad, Ayesha Malik, Zahra Batool, Muhammad Shaheer, Muhammad Adil Umar, Muhammad Aetesam Nasir, Muhammad Waqar Mazhar

DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000343

Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus is categorised in the genus Lentivirus, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae of the Retroviridae family. Methodology: 40 specimens in total were included in the research to conduct the whole experimentation. The viral RNA extraction was performed by using the Qiagen viral RNA extraction kit. After the extraction of RNA, the cDNA was synthesized. Qiagen One step rt-PCR kit was used for amplification by using pair of primers forward primers (A) & reverse primer (D) 10uM/ug. Sequencing and capillary electrophoresis were performed. The phylogenetic tree of HIV was done by using mega. Results: Out of 40, 10 samples are sequenced 4 of them are resistance against drugs. Sample Ids 226 and 229 are resistance to Rilpivirine (RPV) and Etravirine(ETR) also has 138A mutation inHIV-1. Sample Id 231 have resistance to Lamivudine (3TC), emtricitabine (FTC) and abacavir (ABC) also has M184V mutation in HIV-1. Sample Id 232 have resistance to Lamivudine (3TC), emtricitabine (FTC) and abacavir (ABC) also has M184V Nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz(EFV) mutation in HIV-1.

Keywords: HIV; Retroviridae; Phylogenetic Tree; Drug Resistance Mutation

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