ISSN: 2642-6145
Authors: U Bhavana* and Merin Livingston#
Human life has been endangered due to the pandemic crisis caused by the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from China. The novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, or severe acute respiratory disease, poses serious problems for the healthcare system and has caused millions of deaths, which has a significant impact on the mortality rate. The symptoms of COVID-19, referred to as coronavirus disease (2016), is presented with asymptomatic, mild or severe pneumonia- like symptoms. Patients with COVID-19 who have diabetes, HIV, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other comorbidities increase the risk of developing life-threatening. Most patients with compromised medical histories get a serious COVID-19 complications. It appears that SARS-CoV-2 targets the respiratory system, resulting in pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These conditions cause severe systemic inflammation, multi-organ failure, and mortality, particularly in patients with pre-existing comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 affects host cells by means of ACE-2 receptors that are present on their surface. Strong ACE-2 receptor expression and enhanced pro-protein convertase release, which facilitates viral entrance into host cells, have been associated to specific comorbidities. Comorbid people need careful management and must take preventative measures with awareness. The literature on the correlation between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited; however, this study demonstrates the wider range of comorbidities associated with COVID-19 patients. For a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19, we included the major comorbidities and a range of clinical complications associated with the virus.
Keywords: SARS-COV-2; Comorbidities; Covid-19 Diabetes; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Cancer; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hepatic Disorder; HIV
