ISSN: 2577-4360
Authors: Novikova II, Shevkun IG, Sorokinа AV and Aizman RI*
Introduction: The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the children and adolescents and negative consequences due to this factor dictate the necessity of introduction of mass index evaluation to detect deviations early and develop measures of prevention it. Objective of the Study: The main aim of the study was to study the diagnostic indicators of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of the Novosibirsk region of different age and sex groups using methods of body mass index (BMI) and body component composition by bioimpedance analysis (BIM). Materials and Methods: Materials of this study were the results of experimental research conducted on the basis of Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene in accordance with the program of monitoring of nutrition and health of schoolchildren, carried out according to the national project "Demography". The hygienic, clinical-diagnostic, analytical and statistical methods of research were used. BMI and bioimpedance results were used to assess and indicate excess of body weight and obesity. The data were presented as M±m, where M is the sample mean, m is the standard error of the average. The level of statistical significance p was assumed to be 0.05. Results of the Study: Comparative analysis of the prevalence of obesity by BMI revealed significantly (p≤0,05) higher rates in the whole observation cohort compared to the assessment by bioimpedance measurement. It have been revealed gender differences: young males showed higher indices of obesity according to the WHO standards (6,6 times higher in the 12-14 age group and 2,5 times higher in the 15-16 age group). Girls, in contrast, showed higher indices estimated by bioimpedance spectrometry (in the 12-14 age group – by 71,7%, in the 15-16 age group - by 17,2%). Bioimpedancemetry revealed statistically significantly higher values of water content, intracellular and extracellular fluid, fat mass and percentage of fat in children with obesity compared with peers with normal body weight. Higher values of BIM indicators were found in boys for almost all studied parameters, except for fat mass, which was statistically significantly higher in girls. Conclusions: The found significant and multidirectional differences in assessing the prevalence of obesity in children 12-16 years old using two methods indicated the low information significance of the body mass index parameter in comparison with bioimpedance analysis. The last one is also showed the excess of water content and percentage of fat in the body composition in children with obesity compared to peers with normal body weight. These findings are necessary to consider when developing targeted interventions to prevent obesity bioimpedancemetry.
Keywords: School Children; Overweight; Obesity; Indication Methods; Body Mass Index; Bioimpedance Analysis; Body Components
