Management of Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report

Authors: Divyashish B , Vikash KK , Debolina P , Manav K , Priyanka R and Girindra R

DOI: 10.23880/hij-16000251

Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormalities in hemoglobin (Hb), leading to distortion in shape of red blood cells (RBCs) and their breakdown, potentially blocking blood flow and resulting in pain and anemia. This can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life. Patients often require multiple blood transfusions to prevent complications associated with SCD by reducing the concentration of damaged hemoglobin. However, one of the significant complications of blood transfusions is Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR), which occurs due to RBC alloimmunization (i.e., formation of antibodies against donor RBC antigens). DHTR can manifest as a sudden decrease in hemoglobin levels, which may progress to rapid multiorgan failure and death. Thus, prompt diagnosis is crucial for timely management. This case report highlights the diagnosis and management of a 56-year-old African American female with SCD who presented with bilateral severe knee pain and low Hb levels. 

Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease; Sickle Cell Anemia; SCD; Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction; DHTR; Bloodless Medicine; Transfusion; Alloimmunization; Case Report.

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