ISSN: 2578-501X
Authors: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu*
Anemia, a prevalent hematological condition characterized by decreased red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels, has emerged as a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) and commonly known as strokes. This review explores the intricate connection between anemia and the occurrence of CVAs, elucidating the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Anemia contributes to stroke risk through multiple pathways, including impaired oxygen delivery to the brain, alterations in cerebral hemodynamics, and disruption of neurovascular homeostasis. Furthermore, iron deficiency anemia’s predominant etiology-not only exacerbates hypoxia but also compromises neuronal integrity, predisposing individuals to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke events. The hemodynamic consequences of anemia, including cerebral hypo-perfusion and increased thromboembolic risk, underscore its role as a silent culprit in stroke pathogenesis. Anemia-induced alterations in blood viscosity, endothelial dysfunction, and compensatory vasodilation contribute to the vulnerability of cerebral vasculature to ischemic insults. Moreover, iron deficiency exacerbates neurocognitive impairment and promotes neuro degeneration, exacerbating the risk of vascular cognitive decline and hemorrhagic stroke. Routine screening for anemia, particularly in highrisk populations, coupled with targeted interventions aimed at correcting underlying etiologies and optimizing hemoglobin levels, is essential for mitigating stroke risk and improving clinical outcomes.
Keywords: Anemia; Cerebrovascular Accidents; Stroke; Risk Factors; Hemoglobin; Iron Deficiency
