ISSN: 2578-4838
Authors: Manasa K* and Bhuvana D
Background: Respiratory distress in neonates is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors is crucial for effective management and preventive strategies. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical profile and outcomes associated with respiratory distress in neonates admitted to the neonatal unit. Methods: Data were collected from neonates admitted to Miracle hospitals, medipally, Hyderabad, Paramitha hospitals, medipally, Hyderabad over period of 6 months. Clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory distress, demographic details, maternal history, and neonatal characteristics were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of respiratory distress. Results: 150 neonates included in the study those were diagnosed with respiratory distress. Preterm birth, low birth weight, maternal complications during pregnancy, and perinatal asphyxia were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory distress. Neonates born via cesarean section had a higher likelihood of respiratory distress compared to those born via vaginal delivery. Additionally, male gender and maternal smoking during pregnancy were identified as significant risk factors. The prevalence of Respiratory distress observed in males (60%) and in females (40%). Higher percentage of our study population belonged to the preterm babies (<38weeks). In the sample size of 150 patients, we observed 60 cases with TTNB, 40 Cases with HMD, 30 cases with MAS, 15 cases with congenital pneumonia & 5 cases with birth asphyxia. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the prevalence and associated factors of respiratory distress in neonates, highlighting the importance of early recognition and targeted interventions. Strategies targeting modifiable risk factors such as maternal smoking cessation and optimizing prenatal care may help reduce the burden of respiratory distress in neonates. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors and validate these findings in diverse settings.
Keywords: Neonates; Respiratory Distress; Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality; Perinatal Asphyxia; Preterm Birth; Respiratory Support; Ventilator-Associated Complications; Congenital Pneumonia
