ISSN: 2574-7770
Authors: Lakshmi Chandini M*, Bhavana U and Vaishnavi P
The term "metabolic syndrome" refers to a collection of metabolic disorders, the most common of which is obesity, particularly abdominal obesity. Many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, have metabolic syndrome as a risk factor. Furthermore, the rise in obesity-related disorders linked to a poor lifestyle that include dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and irregularities in glucose metabolism—a condition known as metabolic syndrome (MS)—has been problematic. In addition to being linked to digestive system issues, such as upper gastrointestinal diseases, MS has also been found to be a risk factor for arteriosclerotic diseases and ischemic heart disease. Multiple gastrointestinal disorders, including colorectal cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease, have been associated with obesity. Obesity as manifested by an elevated body mass index is not as significant as abdominal obesity as a contributing factor to the development of these diseases, according to recent research. Apart from the physiological consequences of obesity, such as elevated intra-abdominal pressure due to substantial adipose tissue, substances secreted by adipose tissue, including insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin-6, leptin, and tumour necrosis factor-α, have been suggested as pathogenic mediators of these disorders. Unlike high body weight and high body mass index, visceral fat accumulation associated with abdominal obesity is linked to the onset of several diseases of the digestive system because it can raise intra-abdominal pressure, which triggers the release of several bioactive substances known as adipocytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin. This review article focuses on obesity, visceral fat build-up, and the main upper gastrointestinal ailments, as well as their correlation with multiple sclerosis. Within this review, we discuss the relationship between digestive disorders and metabolic syndrome or its component parts, with a particular emphasis on obesity and abdominal obesity.
Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome; Gastrointestinal Disorders; Pathophysiology; Clinical Implications; Abdominal Obesity
