A Review on Zoonotic and Economic Importance of Anthrax

Authors: Mohammed A*

DOI: 10.23880/oajvsr-16000272

Volume 9, Issue 2

Abstract

Anthrax is a highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis, impacting both humans and animals, with a higher prevalence in livestock and economically significant wild animals. Herbivorous animals can contract the disease by inhaling or ingesting spores while grazing, while carnivores may become infected by consuming infected herbivores. In humans, infection typically occurs through contact with the spores via ingestion, inhalation, or direct contact. The disease does not spread directly from person to person; instead, the resilient spores of bacillus anthracis act as the primary source of infection, capable of surviving in the environment for extended periods. Severe outbreaks of anthrax have been observed in regions with tropical and sub-tropical climates and high rainfall. Essential measures for managing the disease include controlling infected animals, preventing contact with them and their products, implementing quarantine on affected properties, vaccinating potentially exposed livestock, disposing of dead animals properly, and disinfecting contaminated areas. Quarantine restrictions should be lifted only after no new cases of anthrax have been reported for at least six weeks following vaccination. Individuals exposed to the disease may receive an anthrax vaccine as a preventive measure. Bacillus anthracis is susceptible to various antibiotics such as penicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin.

Keywords: Animal; Anthrax; Bacillus Anthracis; Human Infection

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