ISSN: 2578-4633
Authors: Rao GHR1,2*
Metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and vascular diseases, have reached epidemic proportions globally, contributing significantly to non-communicable disease (NCD)-related mortality. Non-communicable diseases account for 71% of global deaths annually, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leading the statistics. The South Asian phenotype presents a unique set of clinical characteristics, including, typical visceral obesity, high triglycerides, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Cholesterol), insulin resistance, and high propensity for type-2 diabetes. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that risk factors such as unhealthy diets, lack of physical inactivity, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption drive the development and progression of these metabolic disorders. The Framingham Heart Study remains pivotal, identifying robust predictors of CVDs including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and diabetes. Hypertension, a widespread silent condition, stands as a significant precursor to premature mortality globally. Childhood obesity rates have escalated dramatically, correlating with the rise in unhealthy lifestyles. Type-2 diabetes, increasingly prevalent, underscores the potential reversibility through early detection and management strategies. Complications from poorly managed diabetes, including cardiovascular events and microvascular complications, emphasize the urgency for the development of effective preventive measures. The South Asian population exhibits distinct metabolic traits predisposing to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, influenced by genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors. Addressing these unique challenges through targeted lifestyle interventions holds promise for mitigating vascular disease risks among South Asians. This case study advocates for a proactive approach to early diagnosis of cardiometabolic risks and comprehensive management of identified risks, aiming to reduce the burden of heart disease among younger populations. Insights from current research underscore the critical need for integrated strategies encompassing genetics, lifestyle modifications, and community-based interventions to combat the escalating crisis of metabolic diseases worldwide.
Keywords: Type-2 Diabetes; Early Diagnosis and Management; CVD; LDL; INTERHEART
