Evaluation of Comparative Morphological and Phytochemical Studies on the Seeds Extracts of Cocos nucifera (L.) and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae)

Authors: Ilodibia CV* , Nwachukwu IV and Achugbu AN

DOI: 10.23880/oajbi-16000117

Volume 3, Issue 1

Abstract

The family Arecaceae is a great source of food. Many species of this family provide valuable timber and also fiber used in rope, paper and textile industries. Comparative morphological and phytochemical studies on the seeds extracts of Cocos nucifera and Elaeis guineensis were evaluated to identify their physical characteristics and secondary metabolites using standard methods. Morphological study was carried out by visual observation and standard techniques were used for phytochemical study. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to separate the means. Data was presented in mean ± standard deviation. Results showed some resemblances and differences between the two species. Morphological result indicated that both had the same habit, leaf arrangement and leaf venation. Both also had the investigated phytochemical except tannins and alkaloids that were absent in E. guineensis. Higher phenolic content (41.72 ± 1.03 mg GAE/100g) and flavonoids (142.88 ± 4.14 mg CE/100g), were observed in E. guineensis while C. nucifera demonstrated a higher tannins level (35.82 ± 1.00 mg TAE/100g). In conclusion, slight similarities justified their placement in the same family Arecaceae, while the differences explained their placement in different genus and species. Higher phenolic and flavonoids contents indicated that E. guineensis is more suitable for antioxidant applications, while presence of tannins and alkaloids in C. nucifera suggested its applications in antimicrobial purposes.

Keywords: Flowering Plant; Climbers; Vegetable Oils

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