ISSN: 2476-2490
Authors: Toma Avramov*
Introduction: Throughout our recorded history, humanity has repeatedly encountered pandemics caused by viral and bacterial pathogens with high mortality rates. Is pathogenicity alone the cause of mortality or rather the critical accumulation of processes/interactions in our body lead to the adverse course of diseases? This necessitates the study of interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens and components of the microbiota and the host. Materials: The concept of the holobiont, in which the host and its taxonomically and ecologically related communities of microorganisms or microbiota are considered as a single whole. Trophic, metabolic and protective functions of the microbiota provides significant benefits to our health. Every microorganism needs colonization to survive in a given ecosystem. Viral pathogens, facilitating the subsequent colonization of pathogenic bacteria, change the diversity and functions of the human microbiota. Our goal is to study interspecies interactions and clarify when and how we can best intervene. Linking the infectious spectrum, pharmacological and dietary interventions, factors determining susceptibility to infections, vaccinations, platforms for testing potential pathogens and preand probiotics can help us better address such challenges. Conclusion: Knowledge of the interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens and components of the holobiont will help us better understand immune responses and perhaps try to modify them in certain situations. Our place in cross-species interactions is to combine the opportunities that pharmacological, non-pharmacological and dietary interventions provide to modulate immune responses in personalized treatment of patients with infectious diseases and develop more effective measures for control and protection against various pathogens.
Keywords: Holobiont; Pathogens; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Vaccines; Prevention; Interactions
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