Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources (JENR)

ISSN: 2578-4994

Research Article

An Uncertain Water-Energy Nexus: What Role for Hydropower, Desalination, Energy Positive Wastewater Treatment and Leakage Reduction on the Path to Net Zero?

Authors: Hald-Mortensen C*

DOI: 10.23880/jenr-16000405

Abstract

This paper explores the water-energy nexus and its role in achieving global net-zero goals. These processes present both risks and opportunities in the global push for decarbonization. Water management is essential for human survival and economic stability. However, it faces challenges from climate change, population growth, and energy-intensive processes like desalination. By combining literature reviews, market research, and real-world examples, the paper provides practical strategies to decarbonize the water sector. The paper identifies key interdependencies, noting that water processes account for 4% of global electricity consumption, while energy production demands substantial water resources. Hydropower, a renewable energy source, supports decarbonization but poses ecological and social risks. The study explores the balance between hydropower benefits with environmental preservation, suggesting modernization of dams and integration of alternative renewables. Desalination, crucial in arid regions, is energy-intensive and generates environmental byproducts, necessitating more sustainable approaches. Case studies, such as Billund Biorefinery, illustrate innovative solutions like energy-positive wastewater treatment, which reduces emissions and supports circular economy principles. Additionally, addressing urban water leakage presents a $40 billion opportunity to conserve resources and minimize energy waste. The findings underscore the urgency of integrating renewable energy, enhancing efficiency, and adopting sustainable technologies to navigate the complex challenges of the water-energy nexus.

Keywords: Water-Energy Nexus; Decarbonization; Hydropower; Desalination; Aral Sea; Climatic Tipping Points; Energy Positive Wastewater Treatment

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