Current Problems in Pulmonary Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Literature Review)

Authors: Namazova K , Aslanov A , Hasanov F , Muradov N , Guliev K , Abbasova M , Musayeva N , Askerova G and Kerimov G

DOI: 10.23880/accmj-16000251

Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract

Among critical illnesses with a mortality rate exceeding 50%, one of the prominent pathologies is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of the lungs. The historical development of this pathology, its etiopathogenic characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and optimal modes of mechanical ventilation remain relevant topics. We decided to explore and illuminate modern perspectives on acute lung injury (ALI) and the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by reviewing local and international literature sources. Our study addresses the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, prevention, and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). According to statistical data, the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ranges from 1.5 to 88 cases per 100,000 people per year. Depending on etiology and diagnostic criteria, the global mortality rate from ARDS reaches 30-60%. Respiratory failure occurs in 3-15% of surgical patients, and in 25% of cases, sepsis is considered the cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The measurement of the “Oxygenation or Carrico index” (PO₂/FiO₂) plays a significant diagnostic role in studying tissue hypoxia and choosing appropriate ventilation methods: when PO₂/FiO₂ is

Keywords: Acute Lung Injury; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Mechanical Ventilation; Respiratory Failure; Pulmonary Edema; ECMO; Prone Positioning

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