Clinical Dermatology Open Access Journal (CDOAJ)
ISSN: 2574-7800
Review Article
Epidemiological, Clinical and Treatment Profile of Leishmaniasis
in Birao, Central African Republic
Authors:
Morissi-Denissio NMCI
,
Falmata LG
,
Peggy MG
,
Dieu DK
,
Benedicte YM
,
Ornelle KI
,
Kongbele D
,
Zengouin E
and
Kobangue L
DOI:
10.23880/cdoaj-16000344
Abstract
Objective: To contribute to improving the management of leishmaniasis in the population of the town of Birao.
Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study from August to September 2024, recording demographic, clinical and therapeutic data on leishmaniasis on questionnaires, in a population of 14,572 inhabitants.
Results: We included 155 people with skin lesions in the population (1.06%). Lesions clinically suspicious of leishmaniasis were found in 25 people surveyed, giving a prevalence of 0.17%. The frequency of leishmaniasis among skin lesions was 16.12% (25/155). Patients ranged in age from 2 to 55, with an average age of 22 and a sex ratio of 1.5 in favor of men. The 2 to 10 age group was the most represented (40%). Among the 25 cases detected, a 2-year-old infant treated unsuccessfully for eczema was cured on metronidazole. Schoolchildren were more represented (28%), followed by farmers (24%). Most patients presented with crusted lesions (56%); some (56%) had lesions that had been evolving for more than 2 years. Biological examination of the 13 samples showed amastigote forms of leishmaniasis on all slides. No genotyping was performed. In all cases, lesions progressed favorably on metronidazole 40mg/kg twice daily for 21 days, with unsightly scarring.
Conclusion: Leishmaniasis exists in Birao (98%), and is a public health problem requiring improved diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords: Epidemiology; Clinical; Treatment; Leishmaniasis; Birao; Central African Republic
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