Neuro-TB: The Battle between Tuberculosis and the Nervous System

Authors: Saumya HM and Salony M

DOI: 10.23880/jidtm-16000093

Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract

Tubercular nervous system involvement, a serious manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), can occur through either direct or indirect mechanisms, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form, often presenting with progressive headaches, fever, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. Other forms of nervous system involvement include tuberculomas, which are localized granulomatous lesions that can cause focal deficits depending on their location in the brain or spinal cord. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging, and microbiological culture, while management involves a combination of anti-tubercular therapy and sometimes surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with tubercular nervous system involvement. This review aims to explore the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for this serious complication of TB.

Keywords: Tubercular Nervous System Involvement; Tuberculous Meningitis; Tuberculomas; Pott's Spine; Tubercular Myelitis; Tubercular Neuritis; Neurological Manifestations; Tuberculosis; Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis; Neuroimaging; Anti- Tubercular Therapy

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