Rodent-Related Zoonotic Dynamics in the Republic of Guinea: Implications for the Surveillance and Prevention of Emerging Diseases

Authors: Kolié B* , Bah M , Diallo S , Diallo AOS , Bah BSS , Condé Y , Mansaré AN , CISSÉ A , Sacko N , Tolno R , Makenov TM and Boumbaly S

DOI: 10.23880/izab-16000652

Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract

In the Republic of Guinea, studies have shown that rodents are recognised as reservoirs and vectors of multiple zoonoses. However, the precise mechanisms of transmission, as well as the impact of environmental and human factors, remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to assess the transmission dynamics of rodent-borne zoonoses in the Republic of Guinea in order to develop effective strategies for the surveillance, control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging diseases in this region. Between 15 July 2022 and 7 August 2023, small mammal fauna was examined in various prefectures (N'Zérékoré, Lola, Yomou, Beyla, Macenta, Gueckedou, Faranah, Kindia, Kankan, Siguiri, Labé, Dalaba and Dubréka) to identify the presence of zoonotic pathogens. A total of 1,855 rodents of 18 species (including Rattus rattus, Mus musculus and Mastomys natalensis) were captured. Capture methods were based on the use of Sherman and Formizon traps. The captured specimens were subjected to in-depth biometric and pathological analyses. Blood and tissue samples were used to detect viral and bacterial pathogens using PCR techniques: centrifugation and molecular sequencing. The tests revealed the presence of Lassa virus RNA in Mastomys natalensis. Coxiella burnettii infections were identified in Xerus erythropus, indicating a risk for humans. Borrelia spp, Leptospira spp, Anaplasma spp and Ehrlichia were also detected, indicating active circulation of these pathogens among the rodents studied. This study highlights the importance of carefully monitoring the proliferation of small mammals in Guinea in order to prevent the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. It calls for heightened vigilance and precautionary measures when handling wildlife, especially where interaction with human communities is frequent

Keywords: Zoonoses; Rodents; Surveillance; Emerging Diseases; Guinea

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