Allergic Rhinitis in Senegal: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects

Authors: Thiam NF , Diallo MD , Mbaye A , Yam D , Diouf K , Diouf MS , Deguenonvo REA and Diallo BK

DOI: 10.23880/ooaj-16000308

Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by functional symptoms triggered by immediate and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. The primary objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and disease progression of allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study involving 46 cases collected over a 6-month period from March 4, 2024, to August 31, 2024. During this period, all patients presenting with 2 or more of the cardinal symptoms of AR associated with positive allergy tests were collected. Results: The mean age was 25.65 years with a sex ratio of 0.35. A history of familial atopy was reported in 80.4% of patients. The main symptoms included ENT pruritus (88.8%), rhinorrhea (87%), and sneezing (80.4%). The mean initial VAS score was 7.2. The intermittent moderate/severe form was the most frequent (52.2%, n = 24), followed by the persistent moderate/ severe form (21.7%, n = 10) and the intermittent mild form (19.6%, n = 9). Regarding the allergens found, dust mites were predominant (80.4%) followed by pollens found in 32.6% of cases. The treatment initiated mainly consisted of oral antihistamine, local corticosteroid and nasal wash. The average VAS 2 score was 3.1. We thus concluded that the treatment was effective in 73.9% of cases (n = 34) and an improvement in the quality of life in 71.7%. Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis is a condition with high global prevalence, increasing with pollution.

Keywords: Allergic Rhinitis; Atopy; Allergy

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