Advances in Clinical Toxicology (ACT)
ISSN: 2577-4328
Research Article
Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Linking Genetic
Variability to Drug Efficacy and its Cardiovascular Outcomes
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion,
and increased hepatic glucose production. The rising prevalence of obesity-related insulin resistance has led to a surge in
T2DM cases, particularly in urban populations of both developed and developing countries. To address this multifactorial
pathophysiology, several classes of pharmacological agents are available, each targeting different aspects of glucose regulation.
The choice of therapy is often guided by efficacy, patient-specific factors, and potential side effects, particularly cardiovascular
safety. This article outlines the mechanisms of action of commonly used T2DM drugs, and their adverse drug effects, specifically
examining cardiovascular impact. We selected the drugs which are most commonly used by our Physicians these includeseven
major classes of anti-diabetic drugs: Metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides,
Thiazolidinediones TZDs, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Understanding their distinct pharmacodynamics is crucial for optimizing
individualized treatment plans and minimizing complications of their Cardiac effects in patients with T2DM.
Keywords: Type2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM); Insulin Resistance; CVD; Obesity, Metformin, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists; SGLT2
Inhibitors; Sulfonylureas; Meglitinides; Thiazolidinediones (TZDs); and DPP-4 Inhibitors
View PDF
