Establishment of Baseline Haematological Values for Canine Population in North-Central Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Federal Capital Territory

Authors: Idoko SI , Orakpoghenor O , Fashe OZ , Oyeleye BS , Elekwachi CL , Adamu AM , Tenuche OZ , Olayemi OD , Sani NA , Abalaka ES and Ameh AJ

DOI: 10.23880/cprj-16000220

Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract

Population-based haematological baseline data for dogs have not been established for Veterinary Hospitals in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), and states within north-central, Nigeria. The over reliance on established reference values from temperate countries as well as the existence of potential inter- and intra-population variation in the haemogram of different species of animals, even among population within the same country, may not reflect the diversity in genetic factors and physiological processes in dogs domesticated in FCT. Therefore, this study evaluated the haematological profiles of apparently healthy dogs in four out of the six area councils in FCT. Using a cross-sectional design, whole blood samples were collected from two hundred and fifty-seven (257) apparently healthy dogs of different breeds, sexes, and age groups following informed consent by owners. Haematological parameters were determined using an automated haematology analyzer. Outcomes revealed an overall mean packed cell volume (PCV) of 38.54 ± 9.31%, haemoglobin concentration (HB) of 13.05 ± 3.10 g/dL, and red blood cell (RBC) count of 5.52 ± 1.23 × 1012/L. The mean total white blood cell (WBC) count was 10.04 ± 6.79 × 109/L, while platelet count averaged 159.11 ± 125.69 × 109/L. Sex-related differences were minimal, with comparable PCV in males (38.85 ± 9.42%) and females (38.10 ± 9.17%). Age-related trends showed progressive increases in erythrocyte parameters, with PCV rising from 33.34 ± 11.45% in puppies (0–6 months) to 39.96 ± 8.80% in adult dogs (>24 months). Marked breedrelated variations were observed, with Belgian Malinois recording the highest PCV (48.78 ± 3.70%) and Nigerian indigenous dogs showing the highest WBC count (15.66 ± 7.01 × 109/L). These findings provide valuable baseline haematological data for dogs in the Federal Capital Territory and highlight the importance of considering breed, age, and local environmental factors when interpreting canine haematological results for improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management.

Keywords: Age; Baseline; Breed; Dogs; Federal Capital Territory; Haematological Parameters; Sex

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