ISSN: 2577-4050
Authors: Fakoya S, Olusola SE* and Arifalo OV
The use of antibiotics in aquaculture to treat infection has resulted into the development of resistant strains which have rendered antibiotic treatment ineffective. Therefore, alternative ways of treating diseases must be found, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves and bitter (Vernonia amygdalina) leaves extracts on some fish pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Streptococcus iniae and Aspergillus niger using well-diffusion method. Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of T. catappa and V. amygdalina leaves were determined using standard methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the study revealed the diameter of inhibition zone in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of almond leaves while no diameter of inhibition of zone were recorded for S. albus, B. subtilis, A. hydrophila, S. typhii, S. iniae and A. niger in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of bitter leaves. The result of the phytochemical screening shows the presence of saponins, phenols, flavonoids, amino acids but triterpenes and steroids were not detected in the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of almond leaves. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of almond and bitter leaves on the bacteria tested were 1000μg/ml respectively. This investigation provides information on using almond and bitter leaves extracts to control bacterial diseases in aquaculture and it could be concluded that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of almond and bitter leaves shows promise as an alternative antimicrobial source for use in veterinary medicine.
Keywords: Antimicrobial; Almond Leaves; Bitter Leaves; Phytochemical; Fish Pathogen
