Genetic Factors of Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: Rana Khalid Iqbal*, Tehseen Zahra and Rabia Afzal

DOI: 10.23880/doij-16000213

Volume 4, Issue 4

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which pancreas fail to perform its work. In this condition, insulin is not produced in the amount as required for the normal function of the body. This led to different complication. And the results of many different diseases like kidney failure, high blood pressure, urination, blindness, stroke, heart attack, muscle dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus has two types: first is known as type 1 diabetes or Insulin-dependent diabetes. Second is known as type 2 diabetes or Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Most important is genetics which plays an important role in the development of diabetes. Other is environmental factors which are responsible for causing of disease by changing the gene patterns. In genetics, different genes are responsible for the causing of diabetes and these genes are present at a different position on a chromosome. In type 1 diabetes chromosome 6 and HLA complex, viral infection, physiological factors, environmental factors, and 60 genes are identified for causing of this disease. In type 2 diabetes environmental factor, 120 genetic loci, E23K polymorphism in the KCNG11 gene, Glucokinase gene mutation, epigenetics, TCF722, ABCC8, CAPN10, GIUT2, genes are responsible for the causing of disease of type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: CAPN10 gene; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; HLA Complex; KCNJ11 GENE

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