ISSN: 2640-2637
Authors: Mazini L*, Rochette L, Amal S, Admou B and Malka G
Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) have largely proven their efficiency in wound healing and skin regeneration in vitro and in vivo. They are niched within the hypodermis where they differentiate into skin cell types and migrate to wounded sites to restore cell deficiencies and functions. ADSCs mainly act by an autocrine pathway through their secretome containing growth factors, cytokines and microRNA (miR) involved in their migration and proliferation and that of dermal fibroblasts (DF) and keratinocytes. There are evidences arguing that the immunomodulation capacity of ADSCs reflect their efficacy to ensure skin tissue repair. Their secretome is implicated in immune responses and is considered as the key tool in regulating skin inflammation and diseases-associated inflammation. By their action on skin immune cells, ADSCs are expected to play the principal role by modulating: i: the expression of the inflammatory factors; ii: the activation and maturation of immune cells especially M1 and M2 macrophages and inhibition of Th cells; iii: the skin cell differentiation, proliferation, pigmentation and migration and iv: the secretion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Additionally, ADSCs cross-react with the different skin cells, ECM and the surrounding growth factors to initiate and accelerate the implementation of all phases of wound healing. In this review, we highlight the role of ADSCs in deriving tissue repair with regard to their immune-modulation ability, this impressive capacity should be considered when using ADSCs in regenerative medicine.
Keywords: Adipose Derived Stem Cells; Skin; Immunomodulation; Regeneration; Repair; Inflammation; Wound Healing
