ISSN: 2639-2534
Authors: Sahoo NK*, Chandana GMH and Vaishnavi G
Innovative instrumentation, highlighted by portable and imaging instruments, chemometrics data multivariate processing, and new and valuable applications are presented and discussed. Because of these advances, this mature analytical technique is continually experiencing renewed interest. The drawbacks and misuses of the technique and its supporting mathematical tools are also addressed. The principal achievements in the field are shown in a critical manner, in order to understand why the technique has found intensive application in the most diverse and modern areas of analytical importance during the last ten years. This paper intends to review the basic theory of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and its applications in the field of Analytical Science. It is addressed to the reader who does not have a profound knowledge of vibrational spectroscopy but wants to be introduced to the analytical potentialities of this fascinating technique and, at same time, be conscious of its limitations. Essential theory background, an outline of modern instrument design, practical aspects, and applications in a number of different fields are presented. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a relatively new and increasingly widespread brain imaging technique, particularly suitable for use with young infants. The technique employs near-infrared light to assess the concentration changes of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, accompanying local brain activity. The basic physical, physiological, and neural principles underlying the use of NIRS and some of the existing developmental studies are reviewed. Issues concerning technological improvements, parameter optimization, possible experimental designs, and data analysis techniques are also discussed and illustrated.
Keywords: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience; Functional Brain Imaging; Hemodynamic Response; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Optical Tomography; Optical Topography
