ISSN: 2578-4811
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy*
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness is a syndrome of viral replication in concert with a host inflammatory response. The cytokine storm and viral evasion of cellular immune responses may play an equally important role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and outcomes of COVID-19. Systemic proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers are elevated as the disease progresses towards its advanced stages, and correlate with worse chances of survival. Immune modulators have the potential to inhibit cytokines and treat the cytokine storm. Current mini review discuss several immune modulators such as specific immune modulators (anti-cytokines such as IL-1and IL-6 receptor antagonists, JAK inhibitors, anti-TNF-α, GM-CSF, and convalescent plasma and non-specific immune modulators, human immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine.
Keywords: COVID-19; Immunotherapy; Iraq
