Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes between Outpatients and Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes and COVID-19

Authors: Sergio Hernández-Jiménez, Ana Cristina García-Ulloa*, Paloma AlmedaValdes, Michelle Díaz-Pineda, Carolina Lara-Sánchez, Fátima RodríguezDávila, Miguel A. Gómez-Sámano, Neftalí Eduardo Antonio-Villa, Arturo Galindo-Fraga, Thierry Hernández-Gissoul, Alfonso Gulías-Herrero, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Francisco J. Gómez-Pérez and David KershenobichStalnikowitz

DOI: 10.23880/doij-16000243

Volume 6, Issue 2

Abstract

Background: Patients with diabetes and COVID-19 have higher rates of complications. Objective: To describe and identify the characteristics and outcomes in patients with diabetes and COVID-19. Methods: From March to June 2020, we included patients with diabetes and probable COVID-19 infection. We compared parameters between outpatients and hospitalized patients. A second analysis compared patients who died vs those who survived. Results: 243 patients, 37.6% women, with 56 ±12 years, and BMI 29.6 ±5.3 kg/m2 were included. Risk factors for hospitalization were oximetry <90% (HR 2.29, 95%CI 1.14-4.58) and mean blood pressure (MBP) <80 mmHg (HR 1.75, 95%CI 1.09-2.81). Age (HR 0.93, 95%CI 0.89-0.97), respiratory rate (RR) (HR 1.05, 95%CI 1.00-1.10) and PaFiO2 (HR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.98-1.00) predicted admission to critical areas. Risk factors for mortality were age ≥65 years (HR 2.88, 95%CI 1.61-5.17), RR ≥25 bpm (HR 3.86, 95%CI 1.33-11.12), heart rate (HR 1.82, 95%CI 0.96-3.42), PaFiO2 <100 (HR 3.70, 95%CI 1.06-6.65) and glucose ≥150 mg/dl (HR 2.57, 95%CI 1.05-6.25). Length of hospitalization was 8.5 (6-14) and 6 (2-10) days for discharged and deceased patients (p=0.003), respectively. Conclusion: Oximetry <90% and MBP <80 mmHg were associated with hospitalization requirement. Glucose concentration >150 mg/dl significantly predicted mortality.

Keywords: Diabetes; COVID-19; Outcomes; Hospitalization

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