ISSN: 2578-4676
Authors: Tulara N, Varaiya A, Kannan A, Singh M and Jangid R*
Introduction: With the increasing antimicrobial resistance, treating community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a big challenge for many physicians, and the latest antimicrobial sensitivity patterns play a crucial role in successful outcomes. The current study aims to address the issue of lack of comprehensive regional antimicrobial resistance pattern data for uropathogens in India. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective study conducted on data (urine culture and sensitivity report) retrieved from the diagnostic laboratories across 29 Indian states and Union Territories. All urine samples with positive bacterial culture growth from January-December 2018 were included in the analysis. Sensitivity patterns of major urine isolates against 18 antimicrobials were described across multiple states. Results: There were 44624 positive urine culture samples. The mean age of the patients was 46.9 years, and a female preponderance (69.5%) was seen. Among females, Escherichia coli (66.6%) was the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.8%) and Enterococcus spp. (6%). Urine samples from males had a comparatively higher isolation rate of Pseudomonas (53.8% vs 46.2%) but was lower for E. coli (27.7% vs 72.3%) when compared with females, respectively. Nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin and fosfomycin were found to be the only antimicrobial agents against which overall urinary isolates have shown sensitivity >80% across at least one State. Conclusion: Common uropathogens showed decreasing sensitivity patterns to most of the conventional antimicrobials, which are particularly useful in the empirical management of UTIs. This study has reiterated the need to understand huge variations in antimicrobial sensitivity patterns across geographical regions in India.
Keywords: Uropathogens; Urinary Tract Infection; Antimicrobial Sensitivity; Antimicrobial Resistance
