ISSN: 2639-216X
Authors: Jain RK and Mudgal V*
Phosphorus (P) is the second major element requires after calcium in the diet. It is a key mineral in respect of animal nutrition but at the same time one of the main environmental contaminants from livestock production. However, decreasing dietary P concentrations below requirements impairs the health and productivity of dairy cows. Eighty percent of the P is found in the skeleton with its major role as a constituent of bones and teeth. The remainder of P is widely distributed throughout the body in combination with proteins and fats and as inorganic salts. P is essential in the transfer and utilization of energy and it remains present in every living cell in the nucleic acid. Calcium (Ca) and P are closely associated with each other in body metabolism. Adequate Ca and P nutrition depends on three factors: a sufficient supply of both nutrients, with a suitable ratio between them, and the presence of vitamin D for proper absorption into the body. Deficiency of P leads to “pica” including reduced appetite, retarded growth, low milk yield, and impaired fertility. Recently calved cows may become recumbent and display post-parturient hemoglobinuria. A detailed discussion about the effect of P deficiency on rumen microbial activity is presented in the article.
Keywords: In Vitro; In Vivo; Phosphorus Deficiency; Rumen Fermentation; Ruminants
