ISSN: 2476-2490
Authors: Akil O*, Chang J, Pak V, Habib M and Lustig L
Alpha synuclein (α-Syn) is a small synaptic protein expressed within the central nervous system (CNS). α-Syn has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and current theory suggests that α-Syn over-expression may lead to some of the CNS changes seen in PD, but the precise function of α-Syn remains elusive. α-Syn has also been identified in the auditory system and it is predominantly localized to the efferent auditory synapses below outer hair cells. In these studies, we studied a transgenic mouse model over-expressing α-Syn to investigate whether over-expression of α-Syn leads to pathologic changes within the cochlea. In the cochleae of wild-type (WT) mice, immunofluorescence using an anti-α-Syn antibody revealed strong labeling only in the base of outer hair cells. In contrast, in mice over-expressing α-Syn, there was robust staining in cells throughout the organ of Corti. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) showed significant threshold elevations and a significant decrease of the ABR wave I amplitude in the transgenic mice as compared to WT mice. No significant differences were seen between WT and transgenic mice in hair cell counts, morphology or distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Following noise exposure, WT mice demonstrated an ABR threshold shift of 10-20dB whereas transgenic mice showed no significant threshold shift, suggesting a protective effect of α-Syn over-expression against noise-induced hearing loss. Together, these studies demonstrate that α-Syn over-expression causes a mild hearing loss and a protective effect against noise damage with no apparent damage to the cochlear hair cells. These findings suggest that the hearing loss seen with α-Syn over-expression occurs more centrally, while the mechanism of noise protection with over-expression remains unknown.
Keywords: Alpha Synuclein; Efferent; Hearing Loss; Noise Induced Hearing Loss; Cochlea; Parkinson’s Disease
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