HPAT Axis Dysfunction and Type II Diabetes Review

Authors: Elhachimi FE*

DOI: 10.23880/jqhe-16000308

Volume 5, Issue 6

Abstract

According to the CDC, 1 in 10 or more than 34 million Americans have diabetes, and approximately 90 to 95% have type II diabetes (T2D). Between 1990 and 2010, the number of new diagnoses doubled yearly, and the number of patients living with diabetes tripled. This review establishes a direct association between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid (HPAT) axis dysregulation and T2D. In this review, we will focus on the compelling evidence that shows the progressive dysregulation of the HPAT axis and the increased values of circulating cortisol which is involved in the formation of visceral obesity through thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating energy and metabolism by controlling insulin production and glucose homeostasis, and how the HPAT axis plays a significant role in preventing or causing the development of T2D.

Keywords: Type II Diabetes; Thyroid; Hyperglycemia

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