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Ergonomics is a branch of science that aims to examine the behavioral and biological characteristics of human beings and to create suitable living and working environments. The mai…

The professionalisation of policing in England and Wales has been one of the most significant areas of police reform during the past two decades. Central to this agenda was the in…

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of malaria parasites, arboviruses, and filarial nematodes, causing significant morbidityand mortality. Recent advances in molecular immunology …

Cancer remains one of the most significant global health challenges despite remarkable advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The increasing incidence of cancer worldwid…

The rapid development of blood-based biomarkers has created a practical question for Alzheimer’s disease care: when can a blood test provide enough biological information to make …

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus that continues to represent a serious public health concern in South and Southeast Asia. Fruit bats of the genus Pteropus ar…

Nipah virus (NiV) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe neurological and respiratory disease in humans. The virus belongs to the genus Henipavirus within the fami…

Genomic surveillance has emerged as one of the most transformative developments in modern infectious disease research. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics,…

Physiotherapists play a fundamental role in maintaining and restoring patients’ physical function, yet their own occupational health is frequently compromised by work-related mus…

Background: Lassa fever remains one of the most important viral haemorrhagic fevers in West Africa and poses a continuing public health challenge because of delayed diagnosis, no…

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an important component of bedside assessment in critical care. It allows clinicians to rapidly evaluate cardiac function, pulmonary pat…

The kidney and urinary bladder are traditionally considered distinct components of the urinary system, with the kidney responsible primarily for filtration and homeostasis and the …

Serum creatinine remains one of the most widely used indicators of kidney function, but its limitations have become increasingly recognized. Creatinine concentrations may remain wi…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires repeated assessment of kidney function, cardiovascular status, fluid balance, physical activity, and treatment response. Conventional monitori…

The human microbiome has emerged as an important component of health and disease, with growing evidence that microbial communities may influence the urinary tract, kidneys, immune …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires repeated assessment of kidney function, cardiovascular status, fluid balance, physical activity, and treatment response. Conventional monitori…

Digital communication technologies have transformed the ways in which extremist ideologies emerge, spread, and interact with broader online ecosystems and this is true especially …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires continuous monitoring because disease progression, blood pressure fluctuations, medication-related problems, and symptom changes may occur bet…

Metabolic disorders have become major global health concerns, with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and associated chronic diseases increasingly linke…

Cellular senescence has emerged as an important biological process linking ageing, chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and several age-associated diseases. Although senescent…

Ayurvedic medicine has traditionally employed combinations of multiple herbs rather than relying exclusively on single botanical agents. These polyherbal formulations are designed …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous and progressive condition characterized by substantial variation in its causes, rates of progression, treatment responses, and long-…

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) has fundamentally transformed modern urological oncology over the past two decades. In high-income healthcare systems, robotic platform…

Progressive kidney injury is frequently recognized only after measurable deterioration in glomerular filtration or urine output has occurred. Serum creatinine and urine output rema…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing modern healthcare by enabling the analysis of large and complex clinical datasets. Nephrology is particularly suitable for…

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is emerging as an innovative pharmaceutical manufacturing technology capable of producing dosage forms with customized geometry, composition, dose…

Quality by Design (QbD) has become an important scientific framework in pharmaceutical development because it emphasizes systematic understanding of products and manufacturing pr…

The pharmaceutical industry is entering a period of significant technological transformation. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, advanced analytics, and automation a…

The effectiveness of a medicine in routine healthcare can differ from the efficacy demonstrated under the controlled conditions of clinical trials. This treatment-to-outcome gap …

Collaborative robots, commonly known as cobots, represent a transformative advancement in modern robotics by enabling safe and efficient interaction between humans and machines wit…