Intersecting Epidemics and Climate Vulnerabilities in Conflict- Driven Displacement: Epidemiology, Systemic Challenges, and One Health Gaps in South Sudan

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DOI: 10.23880/phoa-16000307

Volume 9, Issue 2

Abstract

South Sudan continues to face recurrent outbreaks of malaria, cholera, and measles due to intersecting pressures from conflict, mass displacement, weak health-system performance, and climate variability. This paper examines epidemiological trends from 2016–2025 and analyzes the systemic and environmental determinants contributing to recurrent epidemics among displaced populations. Using a mixed-methods approach—combining surveillance data, national reports, and One Health and Health System Maturity analyses—the study identifies core gaps in governance, financing, service delivery, climate preparedness, and multisectoral coordination. Findings show pronounced vulnerability among flood-affected and conflictimpacted counties, where weak routine immunization, poor WASH conditions, and drought-and-flood cycles intensify disease transmission. The absence of an operational One Health platform further constrains epidemic preparedness. A Humanitarian-Resilient Health System Framework is proposed to enhance epidemic intelligence, strengthen Boma-level service delivery, integrate climate-informed early warning, and expand domestic financing for community health.

Keywords: Epidemics; Malaria; Cholera; Measles; Displacement; One Health

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