Zika Virus: Mode of transmission, Outrageous Effects and Clinical Trials

Authors:

Pervaiz Anwar*, KKU Malik, Nida Bashir, Marium Shehzadi and Zunairaaslam

Volume 1, Issue 6

Abstract

Zika has become one of the most worldwide spreading dangerous infection over the past decade because of its perpetual spread, initially in Asia-Pacific region, followed by its expeditious entry into the Western world. Zika virus was initially discovered in rhesus monkey in the forest of Uganda. But due to Unique genetic recombination in the genome of Zika virus has made the Zika infection more dangerous than the last one. Zika virus can be transmitted through both vector and non-vector means such as mosquito and sexual transmission. Eighty percent patient with Zika virus showed asymptomatic symptoms on the initial stage of disease onset but later symptoms can become severe. Zika has become one of the most dangerous infections of the 21stcentury because of its association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Due to the rapid spread of virus WHO declares Zika virus as public health emergency in the end of 2016. There are many methods of early Zika virus diagnosing but the most common method used all over the world is RNA NAT analysis. RT PCR can also use for the early diagnoses of Zika virus. At this time, clinical trials in different countries are continuing for the development of successful vaccines against Zika until now the most effective vaccine developed against Zika is DNA vaccine due to its effective mechanism of action and high efficacy. Various antiviral drugs against Zika have also approved by FDA. In our review, we emphasize on every aspect of Zika virus from the genetic basis to its effective treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Zika virus; Flavivirus; Positive sense RNA; Transmission; Disease associations; microcephaly; Guillain-Barre syndrome; Vaccines; DNA vaccines; mRNA vaccine

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