ISSN: 2573-8771
Authors: Tran D*, Afutu R, Dunn K and Kugel G
Objective: This study aimed to determine the force required to remove a defined amount of self-adhesive resin cements excess from a (pretreated) dentin surface after tack curing. Methods: Bovine teeth (n=5) were ground flat to expose dentin, polished (grit 320 sandpaper), distilled water rinsed, and gently air-dried. With the aid of a drilling template fixed with superglue (Sekundenkleber, Renfert GmbH), 1 to 3 cylindrical cavities (4.5±0.1mm diameter x 2.0±0.1mm depth) were drilled. Superglue was mechanically removed after drilling. Resin cement weighing 30mg was placed in the cavity and pushed through with a stainless-steel rod (4.0±0.05mm diameter x 2.0±0.1mm height), so that all of the excess cement was pushed out onto one side of the cavity to form a half moon. Excess cement was cured for a defined time of 5 seconds, from a defined distance (2mm spacer) from the tooth surface using an EliparTM S10 light curing device (3M ESPE). Excess cement was sheared off using a jig (Zwick Z010, n=5; speed= 0.75mm/min). Maximum force (N) to shear off the excess cement was recorded. Results: Experimental Cement and Calibra® Universal were statistically lower in mean newton force than the other selfadhesive resin cements. TheraCem® Ca and RelyX™ Unicem 2 were not statically different from each other. Maxcem EliteTM Chroma and G-CEM LinkAce® were statistically lower than TheraCem® Ca and RelyX™ Unicem 2. Conclusion: A method was developed to quantify force needed to remove cement excess. Under standardized conditions, different levels of removal force were identified. PANAVIA™ SA Cement Plus, Calibra® Universal and Experimental Cement require a significantly lower force for excess removal. SpeedCEM® Plus and Maxcem EliteTM Chroma require an intermediate force. RelyX™ Unicem 2 and TheraCem® Ca require a significantly higher force to achieve excess removal. Excess removal force can be lowered by reducing irradiation time as shown with RelyX™ Unicem 2 (one second cure) and RelyX™ Unicem 2 (two second cure).
Keywords: Adhesive resin cements; Excess cement; Peri-implant diseases
