Features of Activation of Cognitive Development of Children in
Preschool Institutions by Means of Physical Education

Thani TA

doi:10.23880/mhrij-16000192

Mental Health & Human Resilience International Journal Research Article 7 min read

Features of Activation of Cognitive Development of Children in Preschool Institutions by Means of Physical Education

Thani TA^*

^* Corresponding author

ISSN: 2578-5095 10.23880/mhrij-16000192 Received: September 26, 2022 Published: October 17, 2022

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17 references

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Keywords

Pre-School Curriculum Lesson Plan Physical Education

Abstract

The study conducted in Qatari Pre-Schools, which indicates the importance of physical education to Pre-School children to their health and mental well-beings. “Mental wellbeing (shown here as happiness) scores are higher for those who are active than those who are less active”. The study is based on comparing two lesson plans one from the English schools and the other one from the Arabic school, the lesson plans are very similar but the English one is more specific, they have several curriculum books and one is specialized in physical education. It is called physical education, physical activity and sport in schools by Long R, et al.. The outdoor play is more than the Arabic school especially in swimming which is compulsory in the British curriculum. “All schools must provide swimming instructions either in key stage one or key stage 2”. This study indicates that the English school is more advanced in physical education when compared to the Qatari school, despite this the Qatari school is still well developed in physical education. The English schools have more teachers assistants in physical education and are more advanced in the out-door sitting.

Introduction

Evidence shows that physical development will enhance brain development and children are leaning better in classrooms after physical education lesson. Studies shows that people with physical activity habits have a favorable influence on brain development [1, 2, 3]. After walking on a treadmill for 20 minutes at a moderate pace, children responded to test questions (in the content areas of reading, spelling, and arithmetic) with greater accuracy, and had a more intense response within the brain, than children who had been sitting [1]. Research on humans has demonstrated improvement in cognitive Studies shows future health interventions that utilize physical activity as a means to improve cognitive development [4].

Investigation Paper

The results of studies shows the impact of physical activity on both motor skills and cognitive development in preschool children [5]. This study provides some preliminary evidence that physical activity may have beneficial effects on cognitive development during early childhood [6]. Regular physical activity promotes growth and development and has multiple benefits for physical, mental, and psychosocial health that undoubtedly contribute to learning [7].

Physical Education curriculum in English and Arabic Schools

English Schools Curriculum Skills

Standing: demonstrates ability to stand in different positions in different periods of time. Walking: using different walking steps. Stairs and climbing: Ascends and descends stairs using various patterns. Running: run with different movement and speed. Jumping: demonstrates different jumping skills. Hopping: demonstrate different hopping skills. Kicking: kicks 9-inch (23 cm) playground ball with different kicking movements. Balance Beam: walks balance beam using different stepping movements. Catching: catching a ball thrown or bounced from a distance of 6 feet, (2 m) using skills of different developmental level. Rolling and Throwing: this demonstrates different rolling and throwing skills [8].

Arabic Schools curriculum Skills

Recognizing body and space, Healthy Body position. Walking in straight line while raising your hands up. Walking in different directions front back left right and change directions. Run front back imitation to the environment. Run in destination beginning and end. Run under instructions for race. Jump in one place different directions with imitation. Jump with one feet and go around in the same place. Jump with one feet and down with one feet and two feet. Climb in the wall and tilted surface. Jump with one feet high and down with two feet, hang with straight body [9].

English School Lesson Plan and Arabic School Lesson Plan

Physical Education Lesson Plan in English School

The teacher lesson plan is prompt and specific includes the year (Preschool), the unit (movement), lesson (1) time (30) minutes. It includes learning objects such as running and walking, vocabulary such as jogging on the spot, running, smile and walking. Resources from AG book, Flipbook. Learning outcomes: must stop to rhythm and music by means of movement. Should move in a range of ways such as walking and running. The children could move in confidence and safety. Assessment: what do you notice about your heart? Can you feel it beating in your chest? Are you breathing more heavily? Assessment opportunities’: do the children move slowly or quickly. Learning activities including adapting tasks appropriates to pupil need, which include introduction: sit in a circle, warmup, children copy the teacher as she walk in the spot. Main, dance to the music, walking holding hands, unlink hands and pump their arms finally jog lightly to the music. The end cool down sit while listening to the music then lay down and close their eyes the teacher will go around and name each child individually so the get up and line up.

Arabic school Lesson Plan

The lesson plan is simple specific the year kindergarten (preschool), the unit running, time 20 minutes. The learning objectives respond to sound and visual instructions, the benefit of physical education to the body, can make decision on healthy life style. Learning activities: walking in circle with hands up, small game: stand then run when is instructed by P.E teacher. Stand in pair then run to see who reaches first finally breathing and relaxing giving instruction about healthy food and hygiene [10].

Outdoor lesson plan English school and Outdoor lesson plan Arabic school

English schools, swimming pool, with physical education teacher assistance and volunteers. Playground to practice standing, walking, hopping, kicking, running, jumping, skipping, rolling, and throwing. Arabic schools, physical education teacher training them standing, walking, running.

Conclusion

Teachers who get children started early with learning about physical fitness have better chance of creating healthy habits that can last a lifetime [10]. Physical education help children for an active and healthy life, which improves self- discipline, and reduce stress [2]. Studies show the relation between physical education and academic performance between youth. A 44 study determined the relation between physical education and cognitive achievement in children [11]. An analysis included 73 published and unpublished studies, shows the effects of physical activity on children’s mental health were small but significant, and indicating that on average physical activity led to improved mental health outcomes for all children [12]. Physical Education and Sport in schools have the potential to make significant contributions to the education and development of children and young people. Physical, lifestyle, affective, social, and cognitive development. There is evidence that PES can have a positive and profound effect in children (Richard, 2006). Physical education classes are scheduled at least 30 minutes every second day all through the year. Learning inquiry help children develop knowledge, and make children use their mind to analyze information to understand the world around them [13]. The aim of physical education and sport in Turkey it is a part of education and improve the child cognitive development and social development [14].

Physical development is essential to child development in all parts of his live it enhance healthy, happy , active live. There was significant positive effect between physical development and cognitive development [12]. Research need to consider how curriculum can encourage physical development too [15, 16, 17]. There is a long tradition saying indicate that a ‘‘healthy mind is in a healthy body,’ all research indicate the importance of physical education and sports in the pre-school to enhance the cognitive development in children.

References

Castelli D, Glowacki E, Barcelona J, Calvert H, Hwang J (2014) Active Education: Growing Evidence on Physical Activity and Academic Performance. Active Living Research.
Long R, Roberts N (2022) Physical education physical activity and sports in schools. House of common library.
Gomes da Silva S, Arida RM (2015) Physical activity and brain development. Expert Rev Neurother 15(9): 1041- 1051.
Zhao G, Quan M, Su L, Zhang H, Zhang J, et al. (2017) Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Development: Protocol for a 15-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. BioMed Research International 2017(8568459): 1-7.
Zeng N, Ayyub M, Sun H, Wen X, Xiang P, et al. (2017) Effects of Physical Activity on Motor Skills and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review. BioMed Research International 2017(2760716): 1-13.
Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Wiebe SA, Spence JC, et al. (2016) Systematic review of physical activity and cognitive development in early childhood. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 19(7): 573-578.
Kohl HW III, Cook HD (2013) Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press, Washington (DC), USA.
Linnehan J (2022) Brigance inventory of early development III: curriculum associate 153 Rangeway Road. North Billerica.
Qatar Curriculum (2016) Ministry of Education.
Lesson Plans. Teacher.org.
Sibley B, Etnier J (2003) The Relationship between Physical Activity and Cognition in Children: A Meta- Analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science 15(3): 243-256.
Ahn S, Fedewa A (2011) A Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Children’s Physical Activity and Mental Health. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 36(4): 385-397.
Prince Edward Island Department of Education and early childhood development (2011) Prince Edward Island Physical Education Curriculum. Department of Education and early childhood development, Prince Edward Island, Canada, pp: 7-11.
Hergüner G, Önal A, Berisha M, Yaman M (2016) The Comparison of Physical Education and Sports essons Applied in Education Systems of Turkey and Kosovo. Universal Journal of Educational Research 4(9): 1985- 1993.
Petrie K, Phillips JC (2018) ‘Physical education’ in early childhood education: Implications for primary school curricula. European Physical Education Review 24(4): 503-519.
Bailey R (2006) Physical Education and Sport in Schools: A Review of Benefits and Outcomes. The Journal of School Health 76(8): 397-401.
Fedewa AL, Ahn S (2011) The Effects of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness on Children’s Achievement and Cognitive Outcomes. Res Q Exerc Sport 82(3): 521-535.

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