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Physical Science & Biophysics Journal Research Article 9 min read

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Alstonia Scholaris Plant Leaf Powder

Darunte GS, More AP, Shingare SV, Mahale HD, Sonar JP, Thore SN, Matsagar BM and Pardeshi SD*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2641-9165  10.23880/psbj-16000249  Received: May 26, 2023  Published: June 21, 2023
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Keywords
Bio Adsorbent Removal Saptaparni Dye Isotherm
Abstract

In the current work the methylene blue removal using leaf powder of Alstonia Scholaris was investigated. Pseudo first order, second order and Elovic model ware applied, it has been observed that the adsorption follows second order kinetic model. The isotherm study was done by using Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherm, the Freundlich isotherm was best suited for present investigation. The maximum adsorption was observed at pH 7.5.

Introduction

Dyes are extensively used as coloring materials in various industries like paper, pulp, textile, leather, etc. [1]. The industrial wastewater containing residual dye content causes serious damage [2]. Cationic dye, methylene blue is mostly used to color cotton, silk, paper, etc [3]. It causes some serious health issues to human as well as animals [4]. There are various methods available for removal of dye from effluent water but adsorption is the most simple and economic method [5]. The most commonly used adsorbent is activated charcoal which is expensive, some paper report the use of activated charcoal prepared from various waste material like bamboo [6], Jute Fiber [7] etc. Safe, efficient, economic and environment friendly adsorbent is a need, some of the adsorbent derived from waste materials such as cellulosic olive stone [8], spent coffee ground [9, 10], Coffee husk [11], neem leaf powder [12], agro industrial waste [13], Vilayati tulsi, [14] etc. In the present study the adsorption of methylene blue on the Alstonia Scholaris leaf powder was investigated. Alstonia Scholaris is also known as saptaparni.

Experimental

Preparation of Adsorbent

Leaves of Alstonia Scholaris Plant were collected and dried under shade. The dried leaves were grinded in domestic grinder to get powder. The powder was washed with distilled water for two times followed by washing with 0.01 M NaOH. The excess of alkali was removed by washing with distilled water. The leaf powder was dried at 800C in hot air oven, placed in air tight container for further use.

Preparation of Dye Solution

Methylene Blue (CI-52015) supplied by Loba Chem Pvt. LTD was used. The maximum absorbance was observed at 665 nm. A stock solution of 1000 mg/L was prepared in double distilled water, by dilution, desired experimental solutions were prepared.

Adsorption Studies

Standard curve was prepared at 665 nm using 1 to 10 mg/L solution (Elico double beam spectrophotometer SL- 210). The batch adsorption studies were performed by taking 50 mL dye solution of desired concentration and pH in 250 mL stopper flask. 0.1g of leaf powder was added and the mixture was stirred at 1000rpm. The absorbance of supernatant liquid was measured to determine the concentration. The pH was adjusted by using 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaOH. The effect of adsorbent dose, dye concentration and pH was studied. The solid phase dye concentration at a particular time was determined using following equation [15].

( ) 0 t t C C V q W

− = (1) Where qt is adsorption amount at time t, Co and Ct are dye concentration initial and at time t in mg L-1 respectively, V is volume of solution in L and W is weight of adsorbent in g. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm was used to determine the adsorption capacity of adsorbent.

Results and Discussion

Effect of pH

The effect of pH was studied by stirring 50mL dye solution of concentration 40mg/L with 0.1 g leaf powder for 90 min. Initially with increase in pH, the adsorption of Methylene blue increases up to 7.5, further increase in pH decreases the adsorption (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Effect of pH on dye removal.
Click to enlarge
Figure 1: Effect of pH on dye removal.

Effect of Adsorbent Dose

The effect of adsorbent dose was evaluated by stirring 50 mL 60 mg/L Methylene blue at optimum pH with adsorbent amount (0.05 to 0.3 g) for 60 min. The result was represented in Figure 2. Though the % removal increases with increase in adsorbent dose but the dye adsorbed per gram of adsorbent is decreases as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2: Though the % removal increases with increase in adsorbent dose but the dye adsorbed per gram of adsorbent is decreases as shown in Figure 3.
Click to enlarge
Figure 2: Though the % removal increases with increase in adsorbent dose but the dye adsorbed per gram of adsorbent is decreases as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Effect of Adsorbent dose (qe).
Click to enlarge
Figure 3: Effect of Adsorbent dose (qe).

Effect of Dye Concentration

The effect of Methylene blue concentration was investigated by stirring 0.1 g adsorbent at optimum pH with 50 mL dye solution (20 mg/L to 100 mg/L).

Adsorption Dynamics

The adsorption dynamics was studied by applying pseudo first order kinetic model, pseudo second order kinetic model and Elovic model.

The Pseudo First Order Kinetic Model

Lagergren expression for pseudo first order kinetic model is as follows [16].

1 log log 2.303 e t e k t q q q − = − (2)

( ) Where qt dye adsorbed at time t, qe dye adsorbed at equilibrium and k1 is the rate constant. The pseudo first order plot is represented by Figure 4. The values of k1 and qe are represented in Table 1. From the values of regression coefficient it has been observed that the present data does not follows the pseudo first order kinetic model.

Figure 4: The values of k1 and qe are represented in Table 1. From the values of regression coefficient it has been observed that the present data does not follows the pseudo first order kinetic model.
Click to enlarge
Figure 4: The values of k1 and qe are represented in Table 1. From the values of regression coefficient it has been observed that the present data does not follows the pseudo first order kinetic model.

Elovic Model

The Elovic equation represented as follows was used [17].

$$ q _ {t} = \frac {1}{\beta} \ln (\alpha \beta) + \frac {1}{\beta} \ln (t) \tag {3} $$ Where β represent the number of available sites for adsorption and α represent the initial adsorption rate, the data represented in Table 1 show that present study does not follow Elovic mode.

The Second Order Kinetic Model

Lagergren equation for the second order is expressed as follows [18].

1 $$ \frac {t}{q _ {t}} = \frac {1}{q _ {e} ^ {2} k _ {2}} + \frac {t}{q _ {t}} \tag {4} $$

2 2 t t e Figure 5 & 6 represents the plot of t/qt versus t. The values of equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) and second order rate constant (k2) were represented in Table 1. It can be observed that the pseudo second order kinetic model is followed by present study

Dye
Conc.		First orderSecond orderElovich model
(mg
L-1)		K
1 (min-1)		q (exp)
e
(mg g-1)		q (cal)
e
(mg
g-1)		R2K
2 (min-1)		q (exp)
e
(mg g-1)		q (cal)
e
(mg g-1)		R2β (mg
g-1)		α (mg
g/-1
min-1)		R2
200.02958.15492.86850.8370.0198.15498.47940.99480.86510.42390.9082
400.020219.38950.26050.92110.316619.389519.3707110.69640.03430.961
600.026528.9380.05750.85222.420428.93828.9416140.77980.0090.8788
800.017939.1550.50230.97870.223239.15539.164916.33130.05790.9344
1000.006548.83090.09410.95070.968748.830948.8186134.270.01070.6982

Table 1: Rate constants for pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order adsorption and Elovic model.

Figure 5: Elovic Model.
Click to enlarge
Figure 5: Elovic Model.
Figure 6: The pseudo second order kinetic.
Click to enlarge
Figure 6: The pseudo second order kinetic.

Adsorption Equilibrium Study

Three isotherm, Temkin isotherm, Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm were applied for present study Langmuir isotherm is represented by following equation [19, 20].

C C q q bq = + (5)

1 e e e m m

Where qm is Langmuir constant in mg g-1 and b is Langmuir

constant in L mg-1, qe is the amount adsorbed at equilibrium in mg g-1 and Ce is the equilibrium dye solution concentration in mg L-1. The parameters are represented in the Table 2. Freundlich isotherm is represented by following equation [21, 22].

$$ \log q _ {e} = \left(\frac {1}{n}\right) \log C _ {e} + \log k _ {f} \tag {6} $$ The Figure 7 represents the plot of log qe versus log Ce and the parameters are represented in Table 2.

Figure 7: Freundlich isotherm.
Click to enlarge
Figure 7: Freundlich isotherm.

Temkin isotherm is represented by [23, 24].

$$ q _ {e} = B \ln A + B \ln C _ {e} \tag {7} $$

Where A and B are constant, values are calculated from plot and represented in Table 2.

Langmuir IsothermFreundlich IsothermTemkin Isotherm
Ka (L mg-1)Q
0 (mg g-1)		R2nKf(mg g-1)R2A (L mg-1)B (J mole-1)R2
-0.0388-50.9940.92810.70821.29280.99613.792430.76530.9191

Table 2: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm parameter.

Conclusion

Leaf powder prepared from Alstonia Scholaris Plant was investigated for adsorptive removal of methylene blue. The data shows that the adsorption follows the second order kinetics and Freundlich Isotherm. The maximum adsorption conditions were optimized. The leaf powder can be used as economical adsorbent.

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful the Principal, V. P. Mahavidyalaya, Vaijapur for providing laboratory facilities.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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@article{darunte2023,
  title   = {Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Alstonia Scholaris Plant Leaf Powder},
  author  = {Darunte GS, More AP, Shingare SV, Mahale HD, Sonar JP, Thore SN, Matsagar BM and Pardeshi SD},
  journal = {Physical Science & Biophysics Journal},
  year    = {2023},
  volume  = {7},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.23880/psbj-16000249}
}
Darunte GS, More AP, Shingare SV, Mahale HD, Sonar JP, Thore SN, Matsagar BM and Pardeshi SD (2023). Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Alstonia Scholaris Plant Leaf Powder. Physical Science & Biophysics Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000249
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Alstonia Scholaris Plant Leaf Powder
AU  - Darunte GS, More AP, Shingare SV, Mahale HD, Sonar JP, Thore SN, Matsagar BM and Pardeshi SD
JO  - Physical Science & Biophysics Journal
PY  - 2023
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.23880/psbj-16000249
ER  -