Abstract

India has one of the strictest gun control laws in the world to issue the gun permits/license, where unconventional firearms depict the constant forensic challenges in today’s world. The improvised and country made firearms having no standard specifications constructed through cheap local available material, which make them unreliable, unstable Firing mechanism, unstandardized design, untraceable. This review paper examines the characteristics, persistent usage, forensic challenges and analysis of unconventional firearms, integration of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning with forensic Ballistics databases such as integrated ballistic identification system (IBIS) and national integrated ballistic information network (NIBIN). In general, this study aims and highlights the emergent need for innovation in forensic ballistics in cases involving unconventional firearms.